Removal of Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Animal Wastewater by Ecological Treatment Technology Based on Plant Absorption

With the aim of controlling the pollution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock and poultry wastewater, this paper highlights an ecological treatment technology based on plant absorption and comprehensively discusses the removal effect, driving factors, removal mechanism, and distribution characteristics of ARGs in plant tissues. The review shows that ecological treatment technology based on plant absorption has gradually become an important method of wastewater treatment of livestock and poultry breeding and has a good ARG removal effect. In plant treatment ecosystems, microbial community structure is the main driver of ARGs, while mobile genetic elements, other pollutants, and environmental factors also affect the growth and decline of ARGs. The role of plant uptake and adsorption of matrix particles, which provide attachment sites for microorganisms and contaminants, cannot be ignored. The distribution characteristics of ARGs in different plant tissues were clarified and their transfer mechanism was determined. In conclusion, the main driving factors affecting ARGs in the ecological treatment technology of plant absorption should be grasped, and the removal mechanism of ARGs by root adsorption, rhizosphere microorganisms, and root exudates should be deeply explored, which will be the focus of future research.