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Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk
Randomized clinical trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have shown the presence of a “residual cardiovascular risk” in those treated to “target” for LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated to lipid components other than LDL and in particular to remnant cholesterol (RC) and to...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002331/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36901696 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054268 |
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author | Baratta, Francesco Cocomello, Nicholas Coronati, Mattia Ferro, Domenico Pastori, Daniele Angelico, Francesco Ben, Maria Del |
author_facet | Baratta, Francesco Cocomello, Nicholas Coronati, Mattia Ferro, Domenico Pastori, Daniele Angelico, Francesco Ben, Maria Del |
author_sort | Baratta, Francesco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Randomized clinical trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have shown the presence of a “residual cardiovascular risk” in those treated to “target” for LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated to lipid components other than LDL and in particular to remnant cholesterol (RC) and to lipoproteins rich in triglycerides in fasting and non-fasting conditions. During fasting, RCs correspond to the cholesterol content of the VLDL and their partially depleted triglyceride remnant containing apoB-100. Conversely, in non-fasting conditions, RCs include also cholesterol present in chylomicrons containing apoB-48. Therefore, RCs refer to total plasma cholesterol minus HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, that is, all the cholesterol present in the VLDL, chylomicrons and in their remnants. A large body of experimental and clinical data suggests a major role of RCs in the development of atherosclerosis. In fact, RCs easily pass the arterial wall and bind to the connective matrix stimulating the progression of smooth muscle cells and the proliferation of resident macrophages. RCs are a causal risk factor for cardiovascular events. Fasting and non-fasting RCs are equivalent for predicting vascular events. Further studies on drugs effect on RC levels and clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of RC reduction on cardiovascular events are needed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10002331 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100023312023-03-11 Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk Baratta, Francesco Cocomello, Nicholas Coronati, Mattia Ferro, Domenico Pastori, Daniele Angelico, Francesco Ben, Maria Del Int J Mol Sci Review Randomized clinical trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have shown the presence of a “residual cardiovascular risk” in those treated to “target” for LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated to lipid components other than LDL and in particular to remnant cholesterol (RC) and to lipoproteins rich in triglycerides in fasting and non-fasting conditions. During fasting, RCs correspond to the cholesterol content of the VLDL and their partially depleted triglyceride remnant containing apoB-100. Conversely, in non-fasting conditions, RCs include also cholesterol present in chylomicrons containing apoB-48. Therefore, RCs refer to total plasma cholesterol minus HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, that is, all the cholesterol present in the VLDL, chylomicrons and in their remnants. A large body of experimental and clinical data suggests a major role of RCs in the development of atherosclerosis. In fact, RCs easily pass the arterial wall and bind to the connective matrix stimulating the progression of smooth muscle cells and the proliferation of resident macrophages. RCs are a causal risk factor for cardiovascular events. Fasting and non-fasting RCs are equivalent for predicting vascular events. Further studies on drugs effect on RC levels and clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of RC reduction on cardiovascular events are needed. MDPI 2023-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10002331/ /pubmed/36901696 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054268 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Baratta, Francesco Cocomello, Nicholas Coronati, Mattia Ferro, Domenico Pastori, Daniele Angelico, Francesco Ben, Maria Del Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk |
title | Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk |
title_full | Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk |
title_fullStr | Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk |
title_full_unstemmed | Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk |
title_short | Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk |
title_sort | cholesterol remnants, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002331/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36901696 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054268 |
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