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Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk

Randomized clinical trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have shown the presence of a “residual cardiovascular risk” in those treated to “target” for LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated to lipid components other than LDL and in particular to remnant cholesterol (RC) and to...

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Autores principales: Baratta, Francesco, Cocomello, Nicholas, Coronati, Mattia, Ferro, Domenico, Pastori, Daniele, Angelico, Francesco, Ben, Maria Del
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002331/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36901696
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054268
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author Baratta, Francesco
Cocomello, Nicholas
Coronati, Mattia
Ferro, Domenico
Pastori, Daniele
Angelico, Francesco
Ben, Maria Del
author_facet Baratta, Francesco
Cocomello, Nicholas
Coronati, Mattia
Ferro, Domenico
Pastori, Daniele
Angelico, Francesco
Ben, Maria Del
author_sort Baratta, Francesco
collection PubMed
description Randomized clinical trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have shown the presence of a “residual cardiovascular risk” in those treated to “target” for LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated to lipid components other than LDL and in particular to remnant cholesterol (RC) and to lipoproteins rich in triglycerides in fasting and non-fasting conditions. During fasting, RCs correspond to the cholesterol content of the VLDL and their partially depleted triglyceride remnant containing apoB-100. Conversely, in non-fasting conditions, RCs include also cholesterol present in chylomicrons containing apoB-48. Therefore, RCs refer to total plasma cholesterol minus HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, that is, all the cholesterol present in the VLDL, chylomicrons and in their remnants. A large body of experimental and clinical data suggests a major role of RCs in the development of atherosclerosis. In fact, RCs easily pass the arterial wall and bind to the connective matrix stimulating the progression of smooth muscle cells and the proliferation of resident macrophages. RCs are a causal risk factor for cardiovascular events. Fasting and non-fasting RCs are equivalent for predicting vascular events. Further studies on drugs effect on RC levels and clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of RC reduction on cardiovascular events are needed.
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spelling pubmed-100023312023-03-11 Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk Baratta, Francesco Cocomello, Nicholas Coronati, Mattia Ferro, Domenico Pastori, Daniele Angelico, Francesco Ben, Maria Del Int J Mol Sci Review Randomized clinical trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have shown the presence of a “residual cardiovascular risk” in those treated to “target” for LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated to lipid components other than LDL and in particular to remnant cholesterol (RC) and to lipoproteins rich in triglycerides in fasting and non-fasting conditions. During fasting, RCs correspond to the cholesterol content of the VLDL and their partially depleted triglyceride remnant containing apoB-100. Conversely, in non-fasting conditions, RCs include also cholesterol present in chylomicrons containing apoB-48. Therefore, RCs refer to total plasma cholesterol minus HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, that is, all the cholesterol present in the VLDL, chylomicrons and in their remnants. A large body of experimental and clinical data suggests a major role of RCs in the development of atherosclerosis. In fact, RCs easily pass the arterial wall and bind to the connective matrix stimulating the progression of smooth muscle cells and the proliferation of resident macrophages. RCs are a causal risk factor for cardiovascular events. Fasting and non-fasting RCs are equivalent for predicting vascular events. Further studies on drugs effect on RC levels and clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of RC reduction on cardiovascular events are needed. MDPI 2023-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10002331/ /pubmed/36901696 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054268 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Baratta, Francesco
Cocomello, Nicholas
Coronati, Mattia
Ferro, Domenico
Pastori, Daniele
Angelico, Francesco
Ben, Maria Del
Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk
title Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk
title_full Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk
title_fullStr Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk
title_full_unstemmed Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk
title_short Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk
title_sort cholesterol remnants, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002331/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36901696
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054268
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