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The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease

T2DM is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. It is recognized as one of the most common metabolic disorders and its prevalence continues to raise major concerns in healthcare globally. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a gradual neurodegenerative brain disor...

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Autores principales: Richter, Erika, Geetha, Thangiah, Burnett, Donna, Broderick, Tom L., Babu, Jeganathan Ramesh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902074
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054643
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author Richter, Erika
Geetha, Thangiah
Burnett, Donna
Broderick, Tom L.
Babu, Jeganathan Ramesh
author_facet Richter, Erika
Geetha, Thangiah
Burnett, Donna
Broderick, Tom L.
Babu, Jeganathan Ramesh
author_sort Richter, Erika
collection PubMed
description T2DM is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. It is recognized as one of the most common metabolic disorders and its prevalence continues to raise major concerns in healthcare globally. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a gradual neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the chronic loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Recent research suggests a link between the two diseases. Considering the shared characteristics of both diseases, common therapeutic and preventive agents are effective. Certain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals found in vegetables and fruits can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that allow for preventative or potential treatment options for T2DM and AD. Recently, it has been estimated that up to one-third of patients with diabetes use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. Increasing evidence from cell or animal models suggests that bioactive compounds may have a direct effect on reducing hyperglycemia, amplifying insulin secretion, and blocking the formation of amyloid plaques. One plant that has received substantial recognition for its numerous bioactive properties is Momordica charantia (M. charantia), otherwise known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, karela, and balsam pear. M. charantia is utilized for its glucose-lowering effects and is often used as a treatment for diabetes and related metabolic conditions amongst the indigenous populations of Asia, South America, India, and East Africa. Several pre-clinical studies have documented the beneficial effects of M. charantia through various postulated mechanisms. Throughout this review, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the bioactive components of M. charantia will be highlighted. More studies will be necessary to establish the clinical efficacy of the bioactive compounds within M. charantia to effectively determine its pertinence in the treatment of metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, such as T2DM and AD.
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spelling pubmed-100025672023-03-11 The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease Richter, Erika Geetha, Thangiah Burnett, Donna Broderick, Tom L. Babu, Jeganathan Ramesh Int J Mol Sci Review T2DM is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. It is recognized as one of the most common metabolic disorders and its prevalence continues to raise major concerns in healthcare globally. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a gradual neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the chronic loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Recent research suggests a link between the two diseases. Considering the shared characteristics of both diseases, common therapeutic and preventive agents are effective. Certain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals found in vegetables and fruits can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that allow for preventative or potential treatment options for T2DM and AD. Recently, it has been estimated that up to one-third of patients with diabetes use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. Increasing evidence from cell or animal models suggests that bioactive compounds may have a direct effect on reducing hyperglycemia, amplifying insulin secretion, and blocking the formation of amyloid plaques. One plant that has received substantial recognition for its numerous bioactive properties is Momordica charantia (M. charantia), otherwise known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, karela, and balsam pear. M. charantia is utilized for its glucose-lowering effects and is often used as a treatment for diabetes and related metabolic conditions amongst the indigenous populations of Asia, South America, India, and East Africa. Several pre-clinical studies have documented the beneficial effects of M. charantia through various postulated mechanisms. Throughout this review, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the bioactive components of M. charantia will be highlighted. More studies will be necessary to establish the clinical efficacy of the bioactive compounds within M. charantia to effectively determine its pertinence in the treatment of metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, such as T2DM and AD. MDPI 2023-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10002567/ /pubmed/36902074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054643 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Richter, Erika
Geetha, Thangiah
Burnett, Donna
Broderick, Tom L.
Babu, Jeganathan Ramesh
The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease
title The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_fullStr The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_short The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_sort effects of momordica charantia on type 2 diabetes mellitus and alzheimer’s disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902074
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054643
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