Differentially deregulated microRNAs contribute to ultraviolet radiation-induced photocarcinogenesis through immunomodulation: An-analysis of microRNAs expression profiling

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules (18–25 nucleotides) that regulate several fundamental biological processes. Emerging evidence has shown more than 1500 miRNAs functions in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, immune response, DNA damage, and epigenetics alterations. miRNAs are bidirectionally in nature and act as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene through crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells. Although the roles of miRNAs in several cancers are well studied, little is known about ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced skin cancer. Here, we performed a comprehensive screening of 1281 miRNAs in tumor tissues and compared their expression with normal skin. Our results demonstrate that the expression levels of 587 miRNAs were altered in tumor tissues compared to their expression in normal skin. The expression of 337 miRNAs was upregulated from 1.5–12 folds, while the expression of 250 miRNAs was downregulated up to 1.5–10 folds in tumors. Further, intraperitoneal injection of a mimic of down-regulated miR-15b (30nM) and an inhibitor of upregulated miR-133a (20nM) protect UVB-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response. In conclusion, we identified a network of altered miRNAs in tumors that can serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to manage photocarcinogenesis effectively.