Polygenic risk of Social-isolation and its influence on social behavior, psychosis, depression and autism spectrum disorder

Social-isolation has been linked to a range of psychiatric issues, but the behavioral component that drives it is not well understood. Here, a GWAS is carried out to identify genetic variants which contribute to Social-isolation behaviors in up to 449,609 participants from the UK Biobank. 17 loci were identified at genome-wide significance, contributing to a 4% SNP heritability estimate. Using the Social-isolation GWAS, polygenic risk scores (PRS) were derived in ALSPAC, an independent, developmental cohort, and used to test for association with friendship quality. At age 18, friendship scores were associated with the Social-isolation PRS, demonstrating that the genetic factors are able to predict related social traits. LD score regression using the GWAS demonstrated genetic correlation with autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder. However, no evidence of causality was found using a conservative Mendelian randomization approach other than that of autism spectrum disorder on Social-isolation. Our results show that Social-isolation has a small heritable component which may drive those behaviors which is associated genetically with other social traits such as friendship satisfaction as well as psychiatric disorders.