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Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review

Actinic keratosis (AK) is among the most commonly diagnosed skin diseases with potentially life-threatening repercussions if left untreated. Usage of pharmacologic agents represents one of many therapeutic strategies that can be used to help manage these lesions. Ongoing research into these compound...

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Autores principales: Arcuri, Domenico, Ramchatesingh, Brandon, Lagacé, François, Iannattone, Lisa, Netchiporouk, Elena, Lefrançois, Philippe, Litvinov, Ivan V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10003023/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902419
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054989
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author Arcuri, Domenico
Ramchatesingh, Brandon
Lagacé, François
Iannattone, Lisa
Netchiporouk, Elena
Lefrançois, Philippe
Litvinov, Ivan V.
author_facet Arcuri, Domenico
Ramchatesingh, Brandon
Lagacé, François
Iannattone, Lisa
Netchiporouk, Elena
Lefrançois, Philippe
Litvinov, Ivan V.
author_sort Arcuri, Domenico
collection PubMed
description Actinic keratosis (AK) is among the most commonly diagnosed skin diseases with potentially life-threatening repercussions if left untreated. Usage of pharmacologic agents represents one of many therapeutic strategies that can be used to help manage these lesions. Ongoing research into these compounds continues to change our clinical understanding as to which agents most benefit particular patient populations. Indeed, factors such as past personal medical history, lesion location and tolerability of therapy only represent a few considerations that clinicians must account for when prescribing appropriate treatment. This review focuses on specific drugs used in either the prevention or treatment of AKs. Nicotinamide, acitretin and topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) continue to be used with fidelity in the chemoprevention of actinic keratosis, although some uncertainty persists in regard to which agents should be used in immunocompetent vs. immunodeficient/immunosuppressed patients. Topical 5-FU, including combination formulations with either calcipotriol or salicylic acid, as well as imiquimod, diclofenac and photodynamic light therapy are all accepted treatment strategies employed to target and eliminate AKs. Five percent of 5-FU is regarded as the most effective therapy in the condition, although the literature has conflictingly shown that lower concentrations of the drug might also be as effective. Topical diclofenac (3%) appears to be less efficacious than 5% 5-FU, 3.75–5% imiquimod and photodynamic light therapy despite its favorable side effect profile. Finally, traditional photodynamic light therapy, while painful, appears to be of higher efficacy in comparison to its more tolerable counterpart, daylight phototherapy.
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spelling pubmed-100030232023-03-11 Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review Arcuri, Domenico Ramchatesingh, Brandon Lagacé, François Iannattone, Lisa Netchiporouk, Elena Lefrançois, Philippe Litvinov, Ivan V. Int J Mol Sci Review Actinic keratosis (AK) is among the most commonly diagnosed skin diseases with potentially life-threatening repercussions if left untreated. Usage of pharmacologic agents represents one of many therapeutic strategies that can be used to help manage these lesions. Ongoing research into these compounds continues to change our clinical understanding as to which agents most benefit particular patient populations. Indeed, factors such as past personal medical history, lesion location and tolerability of therapy only represent a few considerations that clinicians must account for when prescribing appropriate treatment. This review focuses on specific drugs used in either the prevention or treatment of AKs. Nicotinamide, acitretin and topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) continue to be used with fidelity in the chemoprevention of actinic keratosis, although some uncertainty persists in regard to which agents should be used in immunocompetent vs. immunodeficient/immunosuppressed patients. Topical 5-FU, including combination formulations with either calcipotriol or salicylic acid, as well as imiquimod, diclofenac and photodynamic light therapy are all accepted treatment strategies employed to target and eliminate AKs. Five percent of 5-FU is regarded as the most effective therapy in the condition, although the literature has conflictingly shown that lower concentrations of the drug might also be as effective. Topical diclofenac (3%) appears to be less efficacious than 5% 5-FU, 3.75–5% imiquimod and photodynamic light therapy despite its favorable side effect profile. Finally, traditional photodynamic light therapy, while painful, appears to be of higher efficacy in comparison to its more tolerable counterpart, daylight phototherapy. MDPI 2023-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10003023/ /pubmed/36902419 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054989 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Arcuri, Domenico
Ramchatesingh, Brandon
Lagacé, François
Iannattone, Lisa
Netchiporouk, Elena
Lefrançois, Philippe
Litvinov, Ivan V.
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review
title Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review
title_full Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review
title_fullStr Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review
title_short Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review
title_sort pharmacological agents used in the prevention and treatment of actinic keratosis: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10003023/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902419
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054989
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