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Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles?
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor that is very aggressive, resistant to treatment, and characterized by a high degree of anaplasia and proliferation. Routine treatment includes ablative surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, GMB rapidly relapses and develops radioresi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10003080/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902314 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054883 |
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author | Burko, Pavel D’Amico, Giuseppa Miltykh, Ilia Scalia, Federica Conway de Macario, Everly Macario, Alberto J. L. Giglia, Giuseppe Cappello, Francesco Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste |
author_facet | Burko, Pavel D’Amico, Giuseppa Miltykh, Ilia Scalia, Federica Conway de Macario, Everly Macario, Alberto J. L. Giglia, Giuseppe Cappello, Francesco Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste |
author_sort | Burko, Pavel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor that is very aggressive, resistant to treatment, and characterized by a high degree of anaplasia and proliferation. Routine treatment includes ablative surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, GMB rapidly relapses and develops radioresistance. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms underpinning radioresistance and discuss research to stop it and install anti-tumor defenses. Factors that participate in radioresistance are varied and include stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, the chaperone system, non-coding RNAs, DNA repair, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). We direct our attention toward EVs because they are emerging as promising candidates as diagnostic and prognostication tools and as the basis for developing nanodevices for delivering anti-cancer agents directly into the tumor mass. EVs are relatively easy to obtain and manipulate to endow them with the desired anti-cancer properties and to administer them using minimally invasive procedures. Thus, isolating EVs from a GBM patient, supplying them with the necessary anti-cancer agent and the capability of recognizing a specified tissue-cell target, and reinjecting them into the original donor appears, at this time, as a reachable objective of personalized medicine. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10003080 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100030802023-03-11 Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles? Burko, Pavel D’Amico, Giuseppa Miltykh, Ilia Scalia, Federica Conway de Macario, Everly Macario, Alberto J. L. Giglia, Giuseppe Cappello, Francesco Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste Int J Mol Sci Review Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor that is very aggressive, resistant to treatment, and characterized by a high degree of anaplasia and proliferation. Routine treatment includes ablative surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, GMB rapidly relapses and develops radioresistance. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms underpinning radioresistance and discuss research to stop it and install anti-tumor defenses. Factors that participate in radioresistance are varied and include stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, the chaperone system, non-coding RNAs, DNA repair, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). We direct our attention toward EVs because they are emerging as promising candidates as diagnostic and prognostication tools and as the basis for developing nanodevices for delivering anti-cancer agents directly into the tumor mass. EVs are relatively easy to obtain and manipulate to endow them with the desired anti-cancer properties and to administer them using minimally invasive procedures. Thus, isolating EVs from a GBM patient, supplying them with the necessary anti-cancer agent and the capability of recognizing a specified tissue-cell target, and reinjecting them into the original donor appears, at this time, as a reachable objective of personalized medicine. MDPI 2023-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10003080/ /pubmed/36902314 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054883 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Burko, Pavel D’Amico, Giuseppa Miltykh, Ilia Scalia, Federica Conway de Macario, Everly Macario, Alberto J. L. Giglia, Giuseppe Cappello, Francesco Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles? |
title | Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles? |
title_full | Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles? |
title_fullStr | Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles? |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles? |
title_short | Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles? |
title_sort | molecular pathways implicated in radioresistance of glioblastoma multiforme: what is the role of extracellular vesicles? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10003080/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902314 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054883 |
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