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Effects of Single and Combined Ciprofloxacin and Lead Treatments on Zebrafish Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Elements Content
Even though the toxic effects of antibiotics and heavy metals have been extensively studied in the last decades, their combined adverse impact on aquatic organisms is poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the acute effects of a ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and lead (Pb) mi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10003324/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902383 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054952 |
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author | Jijie, Roxana Paduraru, Emanuela Simionov, Ira-Adeline Faggio, Caterina Ciobica, Alin Nicoara, Mircea |
author_facet | Jijie, Roxana Paduraru, Emanuela Simionov, Ira-Adeline Faggio, Caterina Ciobica, Alin Nicoara, Mircea |
author_sort | Jijie, Roxana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Even though the toxic effects of antibiotics and heavy metals have been extensively studied in the last decades, their combined adverse impact on aquatic organisms is poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the acute effects of a ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and lead (Pb) mixture on the 3D swimming behavior, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation level (MDA—malondialdehyde), activity of some oxidative stress markers (SOD—superoxide dismutase and GPx—glutathione peroxidase), and the essential elements content (Cu—copper, Zn—zinc, Fe—iron, Ca—calcium, Mg—magnesium, Na—sodium and K—potassium) in the body of zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this purpose, zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cipro, Pb, and a mixture for 96 h. The results revealed that acute exposure to Pb alone and in mixture with Cipro impaired zebrafish exploratory behavior by decreasing swimming activity and elevating freezing duration. Moreover, significant deficiencies of Ca, K, Mg, and Na contents, as well as an excess of Zn level, were observed in fish tissues after exposure to the binary mixture. Likewise, the combined treatment with Pb and Cipro inhibited the activity of AChE and increased the GPx activity and MDA level. The mixture produced more damage in all studied endpoints, while Cipro had no significant effect. The findings highlight that the simultaneous presence of antibiotics and heavy metals in the environment can pose a threat to the health of living organisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10003324 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100033242023-03-11 Effects of Single and Combined Ciprofloxacin and Lead Treatments on Zebrafish Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Elements Content Jijie, Roxana Paduraru, Emanuela Simionov, Ira-Adeline Faggio, Caterina Ciobica, Alin Nicoara, Mircea Int J Mol Sci Article Even though the toxic effects of antibiotics and heavy metals have been extensively studied in the last decades, their combined adverse impact on aquatic organisms is poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the acute effects of a ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and lead (Pb) mixture on the 3D swimming behavior, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation level (MDA—malondialdehyde), activity of some oxidative stress markers (SOD—superoxide dismutase and GPx—glutathione peroxidase), and the essential elements content (Cu—copper, Zn—zinc, Fe—iron, Ca—calcium, Mg—magnesium, Na—sodium and K—potassium) in the body of zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this purpose, zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cipro, Pb, and a mixture for 96 h. The results revealed that acute exposure to Pb alone and in mixture with Cipro impaired zebrafish exploratory behavior by decreasing swimming activity and elevating freezing duration. Moreover, significant deficiencies of Ca, K, Mg, and Na contents, as well as an excess of Zn level, were observed in fish tissues after exposure to the binary mixture. Likewise, the combined treatment with Pb and Cipro inhibited the activity of AChE and increased the GPx activity and MDA level. The mixture produced more damage in all studied endpoints, while Cipro had no significant effect. The findings highlight that the simultaneous presence of antibiotics and heavy metals in the environment can pose a threat to the health of living organisms. MDPI 2023-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10003324/ /pubmed/36902383 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054952 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Jijie, Roxana Paduraru, Emanuela Simionov, Ira-Adeline Faggio, Caterina Ciobica, Alin Nicoara, Mircea Effects of Single and Combined Ciprofloxacin and Lead Treatments on Zebrafish Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Elements Content |
title | Effects of Single and Combined Ciprofloxacin and Lead Treatments on Zebrafish Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Elements Content |
title_full | Effects of Single and Combined Ciprofloxacin and Lead Treatments on Zebrafish Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Elements Content |
title_fullStr | Effects of Single and Combined Ciprofloxacin and Lead Treatments on Zebrafish Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Elements Content |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Single and Combined Ciprofloxacin and Lead Treatments on Zebrafish Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Elements Content |
title_short | Effects of Single and Combined Ciprofloxacin and Lead Treatments on Zebrafish Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Elements Content |
title_sort | effects of single and combined ciprofloxacin and lead treatments on zebrafish behavior, oxidative stress, and elements content |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10003324/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902383 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054952 |
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