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Change in Descriptive Kinematic Parameters of Patients with Patellofemoral Instability When Compared to Individuals with Healthy Knees—A 3D MRI In Vivo Analysis

Background: Patellofemoral instability (PFI) leads to chronic knee pain, reduced performance and chondromalacia patellae with consecutive osteoarthritis. Therefore, determining the exact patellofemoral contact mechanism, as well as the factors leading to PFI, is of great importance. The present stud...

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Autores principales: Siegel, Markus, Maier, Philipp, Taghizadeh, Elham, Fuchs, Andreas, Yilmaz, Tayfun, Meine, Hans, Schmal, Hagen, Lange, Thomas, Izadpanah, Kaywan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10004048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902705
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051917
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author Siegel, Markus
Maier, Philipp
Taghizadeh, Elham
Fuchs, Andreas
Yilmaz, Tayfun
Meine, Hans
Schmal, Hagen
Lange, Thomas
Izadpanah, Kaywan
author_facet Siegel, Markus
Maier, Philipp
Taghizadeh, Elham
Fuchs, Andreas
Yilmaz, Tayfun
Meine, Hans
Schmal, Hagen
Lange, Thomas
Izadpanah, Kaywan
author_sort Siegel, Markus
collection PubMed
description Background: Patellofemoral instability (PFI) leads to chronic knee pain, reduced performance and chondromalacia patellae with consecutive osteoarthritis. Therefore, determining the exact patellofemoral contact mechanism, as well as the factors leading to PFI, is of great importance. The present study compares in vivo patellofemoral kinematic parameters and the contact mechanism of volunteers with healthy knees and patients with low flexion patellofemoral instability (PFI). The study was performed with a high-resolution dynamic MRI. Material/Methods: In a prospective cohort study, the patellar shift, patella rotation and the patellofemoral cartilage contact areas (CCA) of 17 patients with low flexion PFI were analyzed and compared with 17 healthy volunteers, matched via the TEA distance and sex, in unloaded and loaded conditions. MRI scans were carried out for 0°, 15° and 30° knee flexion in a custom-designed knee loading device. To suppress motion artifacts, motion correction was performed using a moiré phase tracking system with a tracking marker attached to the patella. The patellofemoral kinematic parameters and the CCA was calculated on the basis of semi-automated cartilage and bone segmentation and registrations. Results: Patients with low flexion PFI showed a significant reduction in patellofemoral CCA for 0° (unloaded: p = 0.002, loaded: p = 0.004), 15° (unloaded: p = 0.014, loaded: p = 0.001) and 30° (unloaded: p = 0.008; loaded: p = 0.001) flexion compared to healthy subjects. Additionally, patients with PFI revealed a significantly increased patellar shift when compared to volunteers with healthy knees at 0° (unloaded: p = 0.033; loaded: p = 0.031), 15° (unloaded: p = 0.025; loaded: p = 0.014) and 30° flexion (unloaded: p = 0.030; loaded: p = 0.034) There were no significant differences for patella rotation between patients with PFI and the volunteers, except when, under load at 0° flexion, PFI patients showed increased patellar rotation (p = 0.005. The influence of quadriceps activation on the patellofemoral CCA is reduced in patients with low flexion PFI. Conclusion: Patients with PFI showed different patellofemoral kinematics at low flexion angles in both unloaded and loaded conditions compared to volunteers with healthy knees. Increased patellar shifts and decreased patellofemoral CCAs were observed in low flexion angles. The influence of the quadriceps muscle is diminished in patients with low flexion PFI. Therefore, the goal of patellofemoral stabilizing therapy should be to restore a physiologic contact mechanism and improve patellofemoral congruity for low flexion angles.
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spelling pubmed-100040482023-03-11 Change in Descriptive Kinematic Parameters of Patients with Patellofemoral Instability When Compared to Individuals with Healthy Knees—A 3D MRI In Vivo Analysis Siegel, Markus Maier, Philipp Taghizadeh, Elham Fuchs, Andreas Yilmaz, Tayfun Meine, Hans Schmal, Hagen Lange, Thomas Izadpanah, Kaywan J Clin Med Article Background: Patellofemoral instability (PFI) leads to chronic knee pain, reduced performance and chondromalacia patellae with consecutive osteoarthritis. Therefore, determining the exact patellofemoral contact mechanism, as well as the factors leading to PFI, is of great importance. The present study compares in vivo patellofemoral kinematic parameters and the contact mechanism of volunteers with healthy knees and patients with low flexion patellofemoral instability (PFI). The study was performed with a high-resolution dynamic MRI. Material/Methods: In a prospective cohort study, the patellar shift, patella rotation and the patellofemoral cartilage contact areas (CCA) of 17 patients with low flexion PFI were analyzed and compared with 17 healthy volunteers, matched via the TEA distance and sex, in unloaded and loaded conditions. MRI scans were carried out for 0°, 15° and 30° knee flexion in a custom-designed knee loading device. To suppress motion artifacts, motion correction was performed using a moiré phase tracking system with a tracking marker attached to the patella. The patellofemoral kinematic parameters and the CCA was calculated on the basis of semi-automated cartilage and bone segmentation and registrations. Results: Patients with low flexion PFI showed a significant reduction in patellofemoral CCA for 0° (unloaded: p = 0.002, loaded: p = 0.004), 15° (unloaded: p = 0.014, loaded: p = 0.001) and 30° (unloaded: p = 0.008; loaded: p = 0.001) flexion compared to healthy subjects. Additionally, patients with PFI revealed a significantly increased patellar shift when compared to volunteers with healthy knees at 0° (unloaded: p = 0.033; loaded: p = 0.031), 15° (unloaded: p = 0.025; loaded: p = 0.014) and 30° flexion (unloaded: p = 0.030; loaded: p = 0.034) There were no significant differences for patella rotation between patients with PFI and the volunteers, except when, under load at 0° flexion, PFI patients showed increased patellar rotation (p = 0.005. The influence of quadriceps activation on the patellofemoral CCA is reduced in patients with low flexion PFI. Conclusion: Patients with PFI showed different patellofemoral kinematics at low flexion angles in both unloaded and loaded conditions compared to volunteers with healthy knees. Increased patellar shifts and decreased patellofemoral CCAs were observed in low flexion angles. The influence of the quadriceps muscle is diminished in patients with low flexion PFI. Therefore, the goal of patellofemoral stabilizing therapy should be to restore a physiologic contact mechanism and improve patellofemoral congruity for low flexion angles. MDPI 2023-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10004048/ /pubmed/36902705 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051917 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Siegel, Markus
Maier, Philipp
Taghizadeh, Elham
Fuchs, Andreas
Yilmaz, Tayfun
Meine, Hans
Schmal, Hagen
Lange, Thomas
Izadpanah, Kaywan
Change in Descriptive Kinematic Parameters of Patients with Patellofemoral Instability When Compared to Individuals with Healthy Knees—A 3D MRI In Vivo Analysis
title Change in Descriptive Kinematic Parameters of Patients with Patellofemoral Instability When Compared to Individuals with Healthy Knees—A 3D MRI In Vivo Analysis
title_full Change in Descriptive Kinematic Parameters of Patients with Patellofemoral Instability When Compared to Individuals with Healthy Knees—A 3D MRI In Vivo Analysis
title_fullStr Change in Descriptive Kinematic Parameters of Patients with Patellofemoral Instability When Compared to Individuals with Healthy Knees—A 3D MRI In Vivo Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Change in Descriptive Kinematic Parameters of Patients with Patellofemoral Instability When Compared to Individuals with Healthy Knees—A 3D MRI In Vivo Analysis
title_short Change in Descriptive Kinematic Parameters of Patients with Patellofemoral Instability When Compared to Individuals with Healthy Knees—A 3D MRI In Vivo Analysis
title_sort change in descriptive kinematic parameters of patients with patellofemoral instability when compared to individuals with healthy knees—a 3d mri in vivo analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10004048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902705
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051917
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