Risk Factors for Hypoparathyroidism after Thyroid Surgery: A Single-Center Study

Background: Hypoparathyroidism is one of the most common complications after thyroidectomy. This study evaluated the incidence and potential risk factors for postoperative hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgical procedures in a single high-volume center. Methods: In this retrospective study, in all patients undergoing thyroid surgery from 2018 to 2021, a 6 h postoperative parathyroid hormone level (PTH) was evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups based on 6 h postoperative PTH levels (≤12 and >12 pg/mL). Results: A total of 734 patients were enrolled in this study. Most patients (702, 95.6%) underwent a total thyroidectomy, while 32 patients underwent a lobectomy (4.4%). A total of 230 patients (31.3%) had a postoperative PTH level of <12 pg/mL. Postoperative temporary hypoparathyroidism was more frequently associated with female sex, age < 40 y, neck dissection, the yield of lymph node dissection, and incidental parathyroidectomy. Incidental parathyroidectomy was reported in 122 patients (16.6%) and was correlated with thyroid cancer and neck dissection. Conclusions: Young patients undergoing neck dissection and with incidental parathyroidectomy have the highest risk of postoperative hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery. However, incidental parathyroidectomy did not necessarily correlate with postoperative hypocalcemia, suggesting that the pathogenesis of this complication is multifactorial and may include an impaired blood supply to parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery.