Recent Progress in Silicon−Based Materials for Performance−Enhanced Lithium−Ion Batteries

Silicon (Si) has been considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for high energy density lithium−ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, low discharge platform, abundant raw materials and environmental friendliness. However, the large volume changes, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation during cycling and intrinsic low conductivity of Si hinder its practical applications. Various modification strategies have been widely developed to enhance the lithium storage properties of Si−based anodes, including cycling stability and rate capabilities. In this review, recent modification methods to suppress structural collapse and electric conductivity are summarized in terms of structural design, oxide complexing and Si alloys, etc. Moreover, other performance enhancement factors, such as pre−lithiation, surface engineering and binders are briefly discussed. The mechanisms behind the performance enhancement of various Si−based composites characterized by in/ex situ techniques are also reviewed. Finally, we briefly highlight the existing challenges and future development prospects of Si−based anode materials.