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Symptomatic Characteristics of Hypozincemia Detected in Long COVID Patients
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of hypozincemia in long COVID patients. Methods: This study was a single-center retrospective observational study for outpatients who visited the long COVID clinic established in a university hospital during the period from 15 Fe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10004579/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052062 |
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author | Matsuda, Yui Tokumasu, Kazuki Otsuka, Yuki Sunada, Naruhiko Honda, Hiroyuki Sakurada, Yasue Nakano, Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Toru Obika, Mikako Ueda, Keigo Otsuka, Fumio |
author_facet | Matsuda, Yui Tokumasu, Kazuki Otsuka, Yuki Sunada, Naruhiko Honda, Hiroyuki Sakurada, Yasue Nakano, Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Toru Obika, Mikako Ueda, Keigo Otsuka, Fumio |
author_sort | Matsuda, Yui |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of hypozincemia in long COVID patients. Methods: This study was a single-center retrospective observational study for outpatients who visited the long COVID clinic established in a university hospital during the period from 15 February 2021 to 28 February 2022. Characteristics of patients with a serum zinc concentration lower than 70 μg/dL (10.7 μmol/L) were compared with characteristics of patients with normozincemia. Results: In a total of 194 patients with long COVID after excluding 32 patients, hypozincemia was detected in 43 patients (22.2%) including 16 male patients (37.2%) and 27 female patients (62.8%). Among various parameters including the background characteristics of the patients and medical histories, the patients with hypozincemia were significantly older than the patients with normozincemia (median age: 50 vs. 39 years). A significant negative correlation was found between serum zinc concentrations and age in male patients (R = −0.39; p < 0.01) but not in female patients. In addition, there was no significant correlation between serum zinc levels and inflammatory markers. General fatigue was the most frequent symptom in both male patients with hypozincemia (9 out of 16: 56.3%) and female patients with hypozincemia (8 out of 27: 29.6%). Patients with severe hypozincemia (serum zinc level lower than 60 μg/dL) had major complaints of dysosmia and dysgeusia, which were more frequent complaints than general fatigue. Conclusions: The most frequent symptom in long COVID patients with hypozincemia was general fatigue. Serum zinc levels should be measured in long COVID patients with general fatigue, particularly in male patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10004579 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100045792023-03-11 Symptomatic Characteristics of Hypozincemia Detected in Long COVID Patients Matsuda, Yui Tokumasu, Kazuki Otsuka, Yuki Sunada, Naruhiko Honda, Hiroyuki Sakurada, Yasue Nakano, Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Toru Obika, Mikako Ueda, Keigo Otsuka, Fumio J Clin Med Brief Report Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of hypozincemia in long COVID patients. Methods: This study was a single-center retrospective observational study for outpatients who visited the long COVID clinic established in a university hospital during the period from 15 February 2021 to 28 February 2022. Characteristics of patients with a serum zinc concentration lower than 70 μg/dL (10.7 μmol/L) were compared with characteristics of patients with normozincemia. Results: In a total of 194 patients with long COVID after excluding 32 patients, hypozincemia was detected in 43 patients (22.2%) including 16 male patients (37.2%) and 27 female patients (62.8%). Among various parameters including the background characteristics of the patients and medical histories, the patients with hypozincemia were significantly older than the patients with normozincemia (median age: 50 vs. 39 years). A significant negative correlation was found between serum zinc concentrations and age in male patients (R = −0.39; p < 0.01) but not in female patients. In addition, there was no significant correlation between serum zinc levels and inflammatory markers. General fatigue was the most frequent symptom in both male patients with hypozincemia (9 out of 16: 56.3%) and female patients with hypozincemia (8 out of 27: 29.6%). Patients with severe hypozincemia (serum zinc level lower than 60 μg/dL) had major complaints of dysosmia and dysgeusia, which were more frequent complaints than general fatigue. Conclusions: The most frequent symptom in long COVID patients with hypozincemia was general fatigue. Serum zinc levels should be measured in long COVID patients with general fatigue, particularly in male patients. MDPI 2023-03-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10004579/ /pubmed/36902849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052062 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Brief Report Matsuda, Yui Tokumasu, Kazuki Otsuka, Yuki Sunada, Naruhiko Honda, Hiroyuki Sakurada, Yasue Nakano, Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Toru Obika, Mikako Ueda, Keigo Otsuka, Fumio Symptomatic Characteristics of Hypozincemia Detected in Long COVID Patients |
title | Symptomatic Characteristics of Hypozincemia Detected in Long COVID Patients |
title_full | Symptomatic Characteristics of Hypozincemia Detected in Long COVID Patients |
title_fullStr | Symptomatic Characteristics of Hypozincemia Detected in Long COVID Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Symptomatic Characteristics of Hypozincemia Detected in Long COVID Patients |
title_short | Symptomatic Characteristics of Hypozincemia Detected in Long COVID Patients |
title_sort | symptomatic characteristics of hypozincemia detected in long covid patients |
topic | Brief Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10004579/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36902849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052062 |
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