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What is the Source of Infections Causing Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease?

Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease is a clinical condition distinct from Salmonella gastroenteritis. With an overall case-fatality rate of 14.5%, iNTS remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the sources of infections that lead to ca...

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Autores principales: Chirwa, Esmeda B, Dale, Helen, Gordon, Melita A, Ashton, Philip M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10004642/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36910696
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad086
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author Chirwa, Esmeda B
Dale, Helen
Gordon, Melita A
Ashton, Philip M
author_facet Chirwa, Esmeda B
Dale, Helen
Gordon, Melita A
Ashton, Philip M
author_sort Chirwa, Esmeda B
collection PubMed
description Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease is a clinical condition distinct from Salmonella gastroenteritis. With an overall case-fatality rate of 14.5%, iNTS remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the sources of infections that lead to cases of iNTS remain unclear. Broadly, there are 2 hypotheses as to the source of infections: (i) transmission from a zoonotic reservoir, similar to other nontyphoidal salmonelloses; or (ii) person-to-person transmission. Here we review several recent studies that have asked, “What is the source of infections causing invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease?” Two studies reported isolates in the stool of household members of iNTS cases that were very closely related (<3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) to the iNTS case isolates; this is consistent with the hypothesis of person-to-person transmission, but infection from a common source (eg, a foodstuff) cannot be excluded. On the other hand, thorough investigations of the domestic environment of iNTS cases and the food pathway found only a single iNTS-associated Salmonella Enteritidis isolate. Therefore, we recommend that future studies test the hypothesis that iNTS is transmitted between people within the domestic environment. Further studies of food and water pathways are also warranted.
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spelling pubmed-100046422023-03-11 What is the Source of Infections Causing Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease? Chirwa, Esmeda B Dale, Helen Gordon, Melita A Ashton, Philip M Open Forum Infect Dis Review Article Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease is a clinical condition distinct from Salmonella gastroenteritis. With an overall case-fatality rate of 14.5%, iNTS remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the sources of infections that lead to cases of iNTS remain unclear. Broadly, there are 2 hypotheses as to the source of infections: (i) transmission from a zoonotic reservoir, similar to other nontyphoidal salmonelloses; or (ii) person-to-person transmission. Here we review several recent studies that have asked, “What is the source of infections causing invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease?” Two studies reported isolates in the stool of household members of iNTS cases that were very closely related (<3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) to the iNTS case isolates; this is consistent with the hypothesis of person-to-person transmission, but infection from a common source (eg, a foodstuff) cannot be excluded. On the other hand, thorough investigations of the domestic environment of iNTS cases and the food pathway found only a single iNTS-associated Salmonella Enteritidis isolate. Therefore, we recommend that future studies test the hypothesis that iNTS is transmitted between people within the domestic environment. Further studies of food and water pathways are also warranted. Oxford University Press 2023-02-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10004642/ /pubmed/36910696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad086 Text en © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Chirwa, Esmeda B
Dale, Helen
Gordon, Melita A
Ashton, Philip M
What is the Source of Infections Causing Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease?
title What is the Source of Infections Causing Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease?
title_full What is the Source of Infections Causing Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease?
title_fullStr What is the Source of Infections Causing Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease?
title_full_unstemmed What is the Source of Infections Causing Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease?
title_short What is the Source of Infections Causing Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease?
title_sort what is the source of infections causing invasive nontyphoidal salmonella disease?
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10004642/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36910696
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad086
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