Optical Encoding Model Based on Orbital Angular Momentum Powered by Machine Learning

Based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) properties of Laguerre–Gaussian beams LG([Formula: see text]), a robust optical encoding model for efficient data transmission applications is designed. This paper presents an optical encoding model based on an intensity profile generated by a coherent superposition of two OAM-carrying Laguerre–Gaussian modes and a machine learning detection method. In the encoding process, the intensity profile for data encoding is generated based on the selection of p and ℓ indices, while the decoding process is performed using a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Two different decoding models based on an SVM algorithm are tested to verify the robustness of the optical encoding model, finding a BER [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] dB of signal-to-noise ratio in one of the SVM models.