Mapping Fire Severity in Southwest China Using the Combination of Sentinel 2 and GF Series Satellite Images

Fire severity mapping can capture heterogeneous fire severity patterns over large spatial extents. Although numerous remote sensing approaches have been established, regional-scale fire severity mapping at fine spatial scales (<5 m) from high-resolution satellite images is challenging. The fire severity of a vast forest fire that occurred in Southwest China was mapped at 2 m spatial resolution by random forest models using Sentinel 2 and GF series remote sensing images. This study demonstrated that using the combination of Sentinel 2 and GF series satellite images showed some improvement (from 85% to 91%) in global classification accuracy compared to using only Sentinel 2 images. The classification accuracy of unburnt, moderate, and high severity classes was significantly higher (>85%) than the accuracy of low severity classes in both cases. Adding high-resolution GF series images to the training dataset reduced the probability of low severity being under-predicted and improved the accuracy of the low severity class from 54.55% to 72.73%. RdNBR was the most important feature, and the red edge bands of Sentinel 2 images had relatively high importance. Additional studies are needed to explore the sensitivity of different spatial scales satellite images for mapping fire severity at fine spatial scales across various ecosystems.