Agent-Based Approach for (Peri-)Urban Inter-Modality Policies: Application to Real Data from the Lille Metropolis

Transportation authorities have adopted more and more incentive measures (fare-free public transport, construction of park-and-ride facilities, etc.) to reduce the use of private cars by combining them with public transit. However, such measures remain difficult to assess with traditional transport models. This article proposes a different approach: an agent-oriented model. To reproduce realistic applications in an urban context (a metropolis), we investigate the preferences and choices of different agents based on utilities and focus on a modal choice performed through a multinomial logit model. Moreover, we propose some methodological elements to identify the individuals’ profiles using public data (census and travel surveys). We also show that this model, applied in a real case study (Lille, France), is able to reproduce travel behaviors when combining private cars and public transport. Moreover, we focus on the role played by park-and-ride facilities in this context. Thus, the simulation framework makes it possible to better understand individuals’ intermodal travel behavior and assess its development policies.