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Green Phenolic Resins from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Phenolated Lignin and Bio-Oil as Phenol Substitutes for Bonding Plywood

Lignin is a natural biopolymer with a complex three-dimensional network and it is rich in phenol, making it a good candidate for the production of bio-based polyphenol material. This study attempts to characterize the properties of green phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins produced through phenol substi...

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Autores principales: Lim, Kah Yen, Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Tengku, Sharip, Nur Sharmila, Ujang, Farhana Aziz, Husin, Hazwani, Ariffin, Hidayah, Md Tahir, Paridah, Li, Xinping, Lee, Seng Hua, Yusof, Mohd Termizi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10007611/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36904501
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051258
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author Lim, Kah Yen
Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Tengku
Sharip, Nur Sharmila
Ujang, Farhana Aziz
Husin, Hazwani
Ariffin, Hidayah
Md Tahir, Paridah
Li, Xinping
Lee, Seng Hua
Yusof, Mohd Termizi
author_facet Lim, Kah Yen
Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Tengku
Sharip, Nur Sharmila
Ujang, Farhana Aziz
Husin, Hazwani
Ariffin, Hidayah
Md Tahir, Paridah
Li, Xinping
Lee, Seng Hua
Yusof, Mohd Termizi
author_sort Lim, Kah Yen
collection PubMed
description Lignin is a natural biopolymer with a complex three-dimensional network and it is rich in phenol, making it a good candidate for the production of bio-based polyphenol material. This study attempts to characterize the properties of green phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins produced through phenol substitution by the phenolated lignin (PL) and bio-oil (BO), extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch black liquor. Mixtures of PF with varied substitution rates of PL and BO were prepared by heating a mixture of phenol–phenol substitute with 30 wt.% NaOH and 80% formaldehyde solution at 94 °C for 15 min. After that, the temperature was reduced to 80 °C before the remaining 20% formaldehyde solution was added. The reaction was carried out by heating the mixture to 94 °C once more, holding it for 25 min, and then rapidly lowering the temperature to 60 °C, to produce the PL−PF or BO−PF resins. The modified resins were then tested for pH, viscosity, solid content, FTIR, and TGA. Results revealed that the substitution of 5% PL into PF resins is enough to improve its physical properties. The PL−PF resin production process was also deemed environmentally beneficial, as it met 7 of the 8 Green Chemistry Principle evaluation criteria.
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spelling pubmed-100076112023-03-12 Green Phenolic Resins from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Phenolated Lignin and Bio-Oil as Phenol Substitutes for Bonding Plywood Lim, Kah Yen Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Tengku Sharip, Nur Sharmila Ujang, Farhana Aziz Husin, Hazwani Ariffin, Hidayah Md Tahir, Paridah Li, Xinping Lee, Seng Hua Yusof, Mohd Termizi Polymers (Basel) Article Lignin is a natural biopolymer with a complex three-dimensional network and it is rich in phenol, making it a good candidate for the production of bio-based polyphenol material. This study attempts to characterize the properties of green phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins produced through phenol substitution by the phenolated lignin (PL) and bio-oil (BO), extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch black liquor. Mixtures of PF with varied substitution rates of PL and BO were prepared by heating a mixture of phenol–phenol substitute with 30 wt.% NaOH and 80% formaldehyde solution at 94 °C for 15 min. After that, the temperature was reduced to 80 °C before the remaining 20% formaldehyde solution was added. The reaction was carried out by heating the mixture to 94 °C once more, holding it for 25 min, and then rapidly lowering the temperature to 60 °C, to produce the PL−PF or BO−PF resins. The modified resins were then tested for pH, viscosity, solid content, FTIR, and TGA. Results revealed that the substitution of 5% PL into PF resins is enough to improve its physical properties. The PL−PF resin production process was also deemed environmentally beneficial, as it met 7 of the 8 Green Chemistry Principle evaluation criteria. MDPI 2023-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10007611/ /pubmed/36904501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051258 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lim, Kah Yen
Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Tengku
Sharip, Nur Sharmila
Ujang, Farhana Aziz
Husin, Hazwani
Ariffin, Hidayah
Md Tahir, Paridah
Li, Xinping
Lee, Seng Hua
Yusof, Mohd Termizi
Green Phenolic Resins from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Phenolated Lignin and Bio-Oil as Phenol Substitutes for Bonding Plywood
title Green Phenolic Resins from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Phenolated Lignin and Bio-Oil as Phenol Substitutes for Bonding Plywood
title_full Green Phenolic Resins from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Phenolated Lignin and Bio-Oil as Phenol Substitutes for Bonding Plywood
title_fullStr Green Phenolic Resins from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Phenolated Lignin and Bio-Oil as Phenol Substitutes for Bonding Plywood
title_full_unstemmed Green Phenolic Resins from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Phenolated Lignin and Bio-Oil as Phenol Substitutes for Bonding Plywood
title_short Green Phenolic Resins from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Phenolated Lignin and Bio-Oil as Phenol Substitutes for Bonding Plywood
title_sort green phenolic resins from oil palm empty fruit bunch (efb) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10007611/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36904501
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051258
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