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Paranoid thinking and perceived competitive intention
Paranoid thinking, that others are hostile, can be seen even in the general population. Paranoia is considered the expectation that others are competitors who aim to maximize the differences in payoffs rather than maximize their own payoffs. This study examined whether paranoia reflects the irration...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10010176/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36923500 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15003 |
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author | Horita, Yutaka |
author_facet | Horita, Yutaka |
author_sort | Horita, Yutaka |
collection | PubMed |
description | Paranoid thinking, that others are hostile, can be seen even in the general population. Paranoia is considered the expectation that others are competitors who aim to maximize the differences in payoffs rather than maximize their own payoffs. This study examined whether paranoia reflects the irrational belief that others have a competitive intention and is associated with avoiding perceived competition. We recruited 884 US residents via the Internet and conducted a modified Dictator Game, in which monetary allocation was carried out between the Dictator and the Recipient. The Dictator chooses either fair or competitive allocation while selecting the competitive allocation is irrelevant to increasing the Dictator’s payoffs. The Recipient decides whether to accept the Dictator’s decision or receive sure but low rewards. We found that Recipients with high-level paranoid thinking expected their opponent to select competitive allocation more than those with low levels, even when selecting it was costly for Dictators. Paranoid thinking was not associated with selecting sure rewards or competitive allocations. The results suggest that paranoia reflects the belief that others have a competitive intention but is not related to avoidance behavior against perceived threats and unilateral attacks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10010176 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100101762023-03-14 Paranoid thinking and perceived competitive intention Horita, Yutaka PeerJ Psychiatry and Psychology Paranoid thinking, that others are hostile, can be seen even in the general population. Paranoia is considered the expectation that others are competitors who aim to maximize the differences in payoffs rather than maximize their own payoffs. This study examined whether paranoia reflects the irrational belief that others have a competitive intention and is associated with avoiding perceived competition. We recruited 884 US residents via the Internet and conducted a modified Dictator Game, in which monetary allocation was carried out between the Dictator and the Recipient. The Dictator chooses either fair or competitive allocation while selecting the competitive allocation is irrelevant to increasing the Dictator’s payoffs. The Recipient decides whether to accept the Dictator’s decision or receive sure but low rewards. We found that Recipients with high-level paranoid thinking expected their opponent to select competitive allocation more than those with low levels, even when selecting it was costly for Dictators. Paranoid thinking was not associated with selecting sure rewards or competitive allocations. The results suggest that paranoia reflects the belief that others have a competitive intention but is not related to avoidance behavior against perceived threats and unilateral attacks. PeerJ Inc. 2023-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10010176/ /pubmed/36923500 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15003 Text en © 2023 Horita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry and Psychology Horita, Yutaka Paranoid thinking and perceived competitive intention |
title | Paranoid thinking and perceived competitive intention |
title_full | Paranoid thinking and perceived competitive intention |
title_fullStr | Paranoid thinking and perceived competitive intention |
title_full_unstemmed | Paranoid thinking and perceived competitive intention |
title_short | Paranoid thinking and perceived competitive intention |
title_sort | paranoid thinking and perceived competitive intention |
topic | Psychiatry and Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10010176/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36923500 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15003 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT horitayutaka paranoidthinkingandperceivedcompetitiveintention |