Molecular identification and physiological functional analysis of NtNRT1.1B that mediated nitrate long-distance transport and improved plant growth when overexpressed in tobacco

Although recent physiological studies demonstrate that flue-cured tobacco preferentially utilizes nitrate ( [Formula: see text] ) or ammonium nitrate (NH(4)NO(3)), and possesses both high- and low-affinity uptake systems for [Formula: see text] , little is known about the molecular component(s) responsible for acquisition and translocation in this crop. Here we provide experimental data showing that NtNRT1.1B with a 1,785-bp coding sequence exhibited a function in mediating [Formula: see text] transport associated with tobacco growth on [Formula: see text] nutrition. Heterologous expression of NtNRT1.1B in the [Formula: see text] uptake-defective yeast Hp△ynt1 enabled a growth recovery of the mutant on 0.5 mM [Formula: see text] , suggesting a possible molecular function of NtNRT1.1B in the import of [Formula: see text] into cells. Transient expression of NtNRT1.1B::green fluorescent protein (GFP) in tobacco leaf cells revealed that NtNRT1.1B targeted mainly the plasma membrane, indicating the possibility of [Formula: see text] permeation across cell membranes via NtNRT1.1B. Furthermore, promoter activity assays using a GFP marker clearly indicated that NtNRT1.1B transcription in roots may be down-regulated by N starvation and induced by N resupply, including [Formula: see text] , after 3 days’ N depletion. Significantly, constitutive overexpression of NtNRT1.1B could remarkably enhance tobacco growth by showing a higher accumulation of biomass and total N, [Formula: see text] , and even [Formula: see text] in plants supplied with [Formula: see text] ; this NtNRT1.1B-facilitated N acquisition/accumulation could be strengthened by short-term (15)N- [Formula: see text] root influx assays, which showed 15%–20% higher [Formula: see text] deposition in NtNRT1.1B-overexpressors as well as a high affinity of NtNRT1.1B for [Formula: see text] at a K (m) of around 30–45 µM. Together with the detection of NtNRT1.1B promoter activity in the root stele and shoot–stem vascular tissues, and higher [Formula: see text] in both xylem exudate and the apoplastic washing fluid of NtNRT1.1B-transgenic lines, NtNRT1.1B could be considered as a valuable molecular breeding target aiming at improving crop N-use efficiency by manipulating the absorption and long-distance distribution/transport of nitrate, thus adding a new functional homolog as a nitrate permease to the plant NRT1 family.