Cargando…
Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation
One major challenge for automated cars is to not only be safe, but also secure. Indeed, connected vehicles are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which may jeopardize individuals’ trust in these vehicles and their safety. In a driving simulator experiment, 38 participants were exposed to two screen failure...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10014733/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36935947 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1078723 |
_version_ | 1784907060903673856 |
---|---|
author | Payre, William Perelló-March, Jaume Birrell, Stewart |
author_facet | Payre, William Perelló-March, Jaume Birrell, Stewart |
author_sort | Payre, William |
collection | PubMed |
description | One major challenge for automated cars is to not only be safe, but also secure. Indeed, connected vehicles are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which may jeopardize individuals’ trust in these vehicles and their safety. In a driving simulator experiment, 38 participants were exposed to two screen failures: silent (i.e., no turn signals on the in-vehicle screen and instrument cluster) and explicit (i.e., ransomware attack), both while performing a non-driving related task (NDRT) in a conditionally automated vehicle. Results showed that objective trust decreased after experiencing the failures. Drivers took over control of the vehicle and stopped their NDRT more often after the explicit failure than after the silent failure. Lateral control of the vehicle was compromised when taking over control after both failures compared to automated driving performance. However, longitudinal control proved to be smoother in terms of speed homogeneity compared to automated driving performance. These findings suggest that connectivity failures negatively affect trust in automation and manual driving performance after taking over control. This research posits the question of the importance of connectivity in the realm of trust in automation. Finally, we argue that engagement in a NDRT while riding in automated mode is an indicator of trust in the system and could be used as a surrogate measure for trust. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10014733 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100147332023-03-16 Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation Payre, William Perelló-March, Jaume Birrell, Stewart Front Psychol Psychology One major challenge for automated cars is to not only be safe, but also secure. Indeed, connected vehicles are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which may jeopardize individuals’ trust in these vehicles and their safety. In a driving simulator experiment, 38 participants were exposed to two screen failures: silent (i.e., no turn signals on the in-vehicle screen and instrument cluster) and explicit (i.e., ransomware attack), both while performing a non-driving related task (NDRT) in a conditionally automated vehicle. Results showed that objective trust decreased after experiencing the failures. Drivers took over control of the vehicle and stopped their NDRT more often after the explicit failure than after the silent failure. Lateral control of the vehicle was compromised when taking over control after both failures compared to automated driving performance. However, longitudinal control proved to be smoother in terms of speed homogeneity compared to automated driving performance. These findings suggest that connectivity failures negatively affect trust in automation and manual driving performance after taking over control. This research posits the question of the importance of connectivity in the realm of trust in automation. Finally, we argue that engagement in a NDRT while riding in automated mode is an indicator of trust in the system and could be used as a surrogate measure for trust. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10014733/ /pubmed/36935947 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1078723 Text en Copyright © 2023 Payre, Perelló-March and Birrell. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Payre, William Perelló-March, Jaume Birrell, Stewart Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation |
title | Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation |
title_full | Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation |
title_fullStr | Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation |
title_full_unstemmed | Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation |
title_short | Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation |
title_sort | under pressure: effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10014733/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36935947 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1078723 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT payrewilliam underpressureeffectofaransomwareandascreenfailureontrustanddrivingperformanceinanautomatedcarsimulation AT perellomarchjaume underpressureeffectofaransomwareandascreenfailureontrustanddrivingperformanceinanautomatedcarsimulation AT birrellstewart underpressureeffectofaransomwareandascreenfailureontrustanddrivingperformanceinanautomatedcarsimulation |