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Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation

One major challenge for automated cars is to not only be safe, but also secure. Indeed, connected vehicles are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which may jeopardize individuals’ trust in these vehicles and their safety. In a driving simulator experiment, 38 participants were exposed to two screen failure...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Payre, William, Perelló-March, Jaume, Birrell, Stewart
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10014733/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36935947
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1078723
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author Payre, William
Perelló-March, Jaume
Birrell, Stewart
author_facet Payre, William
Perelló-March, Jaume
Birrell, Stewart
author_sort Payre, William
collection PubMed
description One major challenge for automated cars is to not only be safe, but also secure. Indeed, connected vehicles are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which may jeopardize individuals’ trust in these vehicles and their safety. In a driving simulator experiment, 38 participants were exposed to two screen failures: silent (i.e., no turn signals on the in-vehicle screen and instrument cluster) and explicit (i.e., ransomware attack), both while performing a non-driving related task (NDRT) in a conditionally automated vehicle. Results showed that objective trust decreased after experiencing the failures. Drivers took over control of the vehicle and stopped their NDRT more often after the explicit failure than after the silent failure. Lateral control of the vehicle was compromised when taking over control after both failures compared to automated driving performance. However, longitudinal control proved to be smoother in terms of speed homogeneity compared to automated driving performance. These findings suggest that connectivity failures negatively affect trust in automation and manual driving performance after taking over control. This research posits the question of the importance of connectivity in the realm of trust in automation. Finally, we argue that engagement in a NDRT while riding in automated mode is an indicator of trust in the system and could be used as a surrogate measure for trust.
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spelling pubmed-100147332023-03-16 Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation Payre, William Perelló-March, Jaume Birrell, Stewart Front Psychol Psychology One major challenge for automated cars is to not only be safe, but also secure. Indeed, connected vehicles are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which may jeopardize individuals’ trust in these vehicles and their safety. In a driving simulator experiment, 38 participants were exposed to two screen failures: silent (i.e., no turn signals on the in-vehicle screen and instrument cluster) and explicit (i.e., ransomware attack), both while performing a non-driving related task (NDRT) in a conditionally automated vehicle. Results showed that objective trust decreased after experiencing the failures. Drivers took over control of the vehicle and stopped their NDRT more often after the explicit failure than after the silent failure. Lateral control of the vehicle was compromised when taking over control after both failures compared to automated driving performance. However, longitudinal control proved to be smoother in terms of speed homogeneity compared to automated driving performance. These findings suggest that connectivity failures negatively affect trust in automation and manual driving performance after taking over control. This research posits the question of the importance of connectivity in the realm of trust in automation. Finally, we argue that engagement in a NDRT while riding in automated mode is an indicator of trust in the system and could be used as a surrogate measure for trust. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10014733/ /pubmed/36935947 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1078723 Text en Copyright © 2023 Payre, Perelló-March and Birrell. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Payre, William
Perelló-March, Jaume
Birrell, Stewart
Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation
title Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation
title_full Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation
title_fullStr Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation
title_full_unstemmed Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation
title_short Under pressure: Effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation
title_sort under pressure: effect of a ransomware and a screen failure on trust and driving performance in an automated car simulation
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10014733/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36935947
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1078723
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