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New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications

Animal genomes vary widely in size, and much of their architecture and content remains poorly understood. Even among related groups, such as orders of insects, genomes may vary in size by orders of magnitude–for reasons unknown. The largest known insect genomes were repeatedly found in Orthoptera, e...

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Autores principales: Hawlitschek, Oliver, Sadílek, David, Dey, Lara-Sophie, Buchholz, Katharina, Noori, Sajad, Baez, Inci Livia, Wehrt, Timo, Brozio, Jason, Trávníček, Pavel, Seidel, Matthias, Husemann, Martin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10016648/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36920952
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275551
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author Hawlitschek, Oliver
Sadílek, David
Dey, Lara-Sophie
Buchholz, Katharina
Noori, Sajad
Baez, Inci Livia
Wehrt, Timo
Brozio, Jason
Trávníček, Pavel
Seidel, Matthias
Husemann, Martin
author_facet Hawlitschek, Oliver
Sadílek, David
Dey, Lara-Sophie
Buchholz, Katharina
Noori, Sajad
Baez, Inci Livia
Wehrt, Timo
Brozio, Jason
Trávníček, Pavel
Seidel, Matthias
Husemann, Martin
author_sort Hawlitschek, Oliver
collection PubMed
description Animal genomes vary widely in size, and much of their architecture and content remains poorly understood. Even among related groups, such as orders of insects, genomes may vary in size by orders of magnitude–for reasons unknown. The largest known insect genomes were repeatedly found in Orthoptera, e.g., Podisma pedestris (1C = 16.93 pg), Stethophyma grossum (1C = 18.48 pg) and Bryodemella holdereri (1C = 18.64 pg). While all these species belong to the suborder of Caelifera, the ensiferan Deracantha onos (1C = 19.60 pg) was recently found to have the largest genome. Here, we present new genome size estimates of 50 further species of Ensifera (superfamilies Gryllidea, Tettigoniidea) and Caelifera (Acrididae, Tetrigidae) based on flow cytometric measurements. We found that Bryodemella tuberculata (Caelifera: Acrididae) has the so far largest measured genome of all insects with 1C = 21.96 pg (21.48 gBp). Species of Orthoptera with 2n = 16 and 2n = 22 chromosomes have significantly larger genomes than species with other chromosome counts. Gryllidea genomes vary between 1C = 0.95 and 2.88 pg, and Tetrigidae between 1C = 2.18 and 2.41, while the genomes of all other studied Orthoptera range in size from 1C = 1.37 to 21.96 pg. Reconstructing ancestral genome sizes based on a phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial genomic data, we found genome size values of >15.84 pg only for the nodes of Bryodemella holdereri / B. tuberculata and Chrysochraon dispar / Euthystira brachyptera. The predicted values of ancestral genome sizes are 6.19 pg for Orthoptera, 5.37 pg for Ensifera, and 7.28 pg for Caelifera. The reasons for the large genomes in Orthoptera remain largely unknown, but a duplication or polyploidization seems unlikely as chromosome numbers do not differ much. Sequence-based genomic studies may shed light on the underlying evolutionary mechanisms.
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spelling pubmed-100166482023-03-16 New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications Hawlitschek, Oliver Sadílek, David Dey, Lara-Sophie Buchholz, Katharina Noori, Sajad Baez, Inci Livia Wehrt, Timo Brozio, Jason Trávníček, Pavel Seidel, Matthias Husemann, Martin PLoS One Research Article Animal genomes vary widely in size, and much of their architecture and content remains poorly understood. Even among related groups, such as orders of insects, genomes may vary in size by orders of magnitude–for reasons unknown. The largest known insect genomes were repeatedly found in Orthoptera, e.g., Podisma pedestris (1C = 16.93 pg), Stethophyma grossum (1C = 18.48 pg) and Bryodemella holdereri (1C = 18.64 pg). While all these species belong to the suborder of Caelifera, the ensiferan Deracantha onos (1C = 19.60 pg) was recently found to have the largest genome. Here, we present new genome size estimates of 50 further species of Ensifera (superfamilies Gryllidea, Tettigoniidea) and Caelifera (Acrididae, Tetrigidae) based on flow cytometric measurements. We found that Bryodemella tuberculata (Caelifera: Acrididae) has the so far largest measured genome of all insects with 1C = 21.96 pg (21.48 gBp). Species of Orthoptera with 2n = 16 and 2n = 22 chromosomes have significantly larger genomes than species with other chromosome counts. Gryllidea genomes vary between 1C = 0.95 and 2.88 pg, and Tetrigidae between 1C = 2.18 and 2.41, while the genomes of all other studied Orthoptera range in size from 1C = 1.37 to 21.96 pg. Reconstructing ancestral genome sizes based on a phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial genomic data, we found genome size values of >15.84 pg only for the nodes of Bryodemella holdereri / B. tuberculata and Chrysochraon dispar / Euthystira brachyptera. The predicted values of ancestral genome sizes are 6.19 pg for Orthoptera, 5.37 pg for Ensifera, and 7.28 pg for Caelifera. The reasons for the large genomes in Orthoptera remain largely unknown, but a duplication or polyploidization seems unlikely as chromosome numbers do not differ much. Sequence-based genomic studies may shed light on the underlying evolutionary mechanisms. Public Library of Science 2023-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10016648/ /pubmed/36920952 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275551 Text en © 2023 Hawlitschek et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hawlitschek, Oliver
Sadílek, David
Dey, Lara-Sophie
Buchholz, Katharina
Noori, Sajad
Baez, Inci Livia
Wehrt, Timo
Brozio, Jason
Trávníček, Pavel
Seidel, Matthias
Husemann, Martin
New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications
title New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications
title_full New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications
title_fullStr New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications
title_full_unstemmed New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications
title_short New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications
title_sort new estimates of genome size in orthoptera and their evolutionary implications
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10016648/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36920952
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275551
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