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The effects of nearby trees on the positional accuracy of GNSS receivers in a forest environment

Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) technologies are actively being developed to address the demand for enhanced positional accuracy. Smartphones are the most prevalent GNSS receiver today and have garnered attention thanks to improved positional accuracy and usability that can be accessed a...

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Autores principales: Lee, Taeyoon, Bettinger, Pete, Merry, Krista, Cieszewski, Chris
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10016660/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36920964
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283090
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author Lee, Taeyoon
Bettinger, Pete
Merry, Krista
Cieszewski, Chris
author_facet Lee, Taeyoon
Bettinger, Pete
Merry, Krista
Cieszewski, Chris
author_sort Lee, Taeyoon
collection PubMed
description Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) technologies are actively being developed to address the demand for enhanced positional accuracy. Smartphones are the most prevalent GNSS receiver today and have garnered attention thanks to improved positional accuracy and usability that can be accessed at an affordable price. In a forested environment, multipath error can deteriorate the positional accuracy, depending on the state of nearby vegetation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impacts of the size and location of vegetation on positional accuracy of GNSS receivers to determine whether the errors observed are systematic. Twenty-six control points within the Whitehall Forest GPS Test site in Athens, Georgia were used to evaluate positional accuracy of three different GNSS receivers (two traditional handheld GNSS receivers (including Garmin and Trimble receivers) and a smartphone). Thirty-five forest variables were developed from information around each control point to conduct a correlation analysis with observed horizontal position error in the positions determined by each device. In this study, we confirmed that the positional error of the smartphone was significantly lower than the Garmin receiver, and similar, but significantly different than the positional error observed by the Trimble receiver. It was confirmed that correlations between forest variables and horizontal position error regardless of the GNSS receiver employed were significant, yet trends were not consistent. The effect of the size of nearby trees on horizontal position error could not be generalized; however, the location of nearby trees on horizontal position error could.
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spelling pubmed-100166602023-03-16 The effects of nearby trees on the positional accuracy of GNSS receivers in a forest environment Lee, Taeyoon Bettinger, Pete Merry, Krista Cieszewski, Chris PLoS One Research Article Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) technologies are actively being developed to address the demand for enhanced positional accuracy. Smartphones are the most prevalent GNSS receiver today and have garnered attention thanks to improved positional accuracy and usability that can be accessed at an affordable price. In a forested environment, multipath error can deteriorate the positional accuracy, depending on the state of nearby vegetation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impacts of the size and location of vegetation on positional accuracy of GNSS receivers to determine whether the errors observed are systematic. Twenty-six control points within the Whitehall Forest GPS Test site in Athens, Georgia were used to evaluate positional accuracy of three different GNSS receivers (two traditional handheld GNSS receivers (including Garmin and Trimble receivers) and a smartphone). Thirty-five forest variables were developed from information around each control point to conduct a correlation analysis with observed horizontal position error in the positions determined by each device. In this study, we confirmed that the positional error of the smartphone was significantly lower than the Garmin receiver, and similar, but significantly different than the positional error observed by the Trimble receiver. It was confirmed that correlations between forest variables and horizontal position error regardless of the GNSS receiver employed were significant, yet trends were not consistent. The effect of the size of nearby trees on horizontal position error could not be generalized; however, the location of nearby trees on horizontal position error could. Public Library of Science 2023-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10016660/ /pubmed/36920964 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283090 Text en © 2023 Lee et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Lee, Taeyoon
Bettinger, Pete
Merry, Krista
Cieszewski, Chris
The effects of nearby trees on the positional accuracy of GNSS receivers in a forest environment
title The effects of nearby trees on the positional accuracy of GNSS receivers in a forest environment
title_full The effects of nearby trees on the positional accuracy of GNSS receivers in a forest environment
title_fullStr The effects of nearby trees on the positional accuracy of GNSS receivers in a forest environment
title_full_unstemmed The effects of nearby trees on the positional accuracy of GNSS receivers in a forest environment
title_short The effects of nearby trees on the positional accuracy of GNSS receivers in a forest environment
title_sort effects of nearby trees on the positional accuracy of gnss receivers in a forest environment
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10016660/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36920964
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283090
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