Aurantiamide suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to improve the cognitive function and central inflammation in mice with Alzheimer's disease

AIM: This study was aimed at exploring the mechanism by which aurantiamide (Aur) targeted NLRP3 to suppress microglial cell polarization. METHODS: The 7‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice and C57BL/6 mice were applied to be the study objects, and Aur was administered intragastrically to APP/PS1 mice at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. The changes in the neurocognitive function of mice were measured by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. In the in vitro experiments, the mouse BV2 cells were employed as the study objects, which were subject to treatment with 10 μM and 20 μM Aur and induced with LPS and IFN‐γ in order to activate BV2 cells and induce their M1 polarization. RESULTS: Aur was found to suppress the M1 polarization of mouse microglia, reduce central neuroinflammation, and improve the cognitive function in mice. Meanwhile, Aur suppressed the activation and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. The results of experiments in vitro demonstrated that Aur inhibited the activation and M1 polarization of BV2 cells. CONCLUSION: Aur targets NLRP3 and suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.