Rare paratesticular localization of dedifferentiated liposarcoma: Case report and review of the literature

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma is defined as a malignant tumor that changes its shape from a well-differentiated liposarcoma to a non-liposarcomatous form. Most paratesticular liposarcomas manifest as an inguinal, painless, slow-growing mass. The standard treatment is extensive surgical excision, radiotherapy being proposed for cases with positive margins, those with recurrence, or in cases of the existence of unfavorable prognostic factors. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present the case of a young patient diagnosed initially with left hydrocele, which after 2 years proved to mask a differentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. The initial clinical manifestations were represented by the increase in volume of the left groin-scrotal region and pain at this level. DIAGNOSIS: Microscopic examination in hematoxylin-eosin staining highlighted the presence of lipoblasts and fibroblasts in association with areas of hemorrhage and tumor necrosis. The performed immunohistochemical tests confirmed the diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. To support and confirm the presence of the mouse double minute 2 homolog gene mutation, chromogenic in situ hybridization analysis was performed. INTERVENTIONS: The initial treatment was the surgical one. After 2 weeks, the patient received zolendronic acid for hypercalcemia which was caused by the osseous metastasis. OUTCOMES: The patient died secondary to acute renal failure caused by hypercalcemia despite the treatment received. LESSONS: This case underlines the importance of both the correct management of oncological patients, as well as immunohistochemical and genetic tests in the identification of prognostic factors, with the ultimate goal of administering an appropriate oncological treatment.