Open Clinical Trial of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Ethanolic Extract Capsules in Treatment of Malaria Patients in Batubara District, Indonesia

INTRODUCTION: Malaria infection is still a public health problem in Indonesia. One of the problems in combating malaria in Indonesia is the limited kind of antimalarial drugs provided by the government. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) extract has been shown to have antimalarial activity in human clinical trials. AIM: To assess the ability of a single A. paniculata ethanolic extract capsule to treat malaria in humans caused by Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax alone or mixed infections of both. METHODS: An open clinical trial was conducted in Batubara District, Sumatra Utara Province, Indonesia, a malaria-endemic area. Sixty-nine malaria patients found in the field were diagnosed microscopically as malaria vivax, malaria falciparum, and mixed infections uncomplicated malaria with 12 years old and above. Previously all patients signed informed consent. All patients have been treated with A. paniculata ethanolic extract capsules 250 mg thrice a day for five days. Parasite density was calculated from D0, D1, D2, D3, D7, D14, and D28. RESULTS: The efficacy of A. paniculata ethanolic extract capsules 250 mg thrice a day for five days against malaria vivax, malaria falciparum, and mixed malaria patients was 94.2%. There are no side effects were found during treatment. CONCLUSION: A. paniculata ethanolic extract can be used as an alternative antimalarial candidate derived from native Indonesian medicinal plants or as an adjunct in standard treatment for malaria.