Socioeconomic Factors Correlation With Idiopathic Scoliosis Curve Type and Cobb Angle Severity

Introduction: Race and socioeconomic status correlate with disease outcomes and treatment in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) to varying degrees, although there is no clear association with Cobb angle and curve type. The purpose of this study was to assess socioeconomic factors and their association with Cobb angles in patients with IS. Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed with the radiographic analysis of 89 patients diagnosed with IS and spinal curves >10° between the ages of six and 18. Associations between the Cobb angles and socioeconomic categorical variables were analyzed using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and continuous variables using a Spearman Rank correlation. Results: There were no significant associations between proximal thoracic, main thoracic, or thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb angles and sex, insurance type, race, access to healthy food, financial difficulty, or income. BMI and proximal thoracic Cobb angle (ρ = 0.2375, p=0.0268) had a significant positive correlation, and BMI and income (ρ = -0.2468, p=0.0228) shared a significant negative correlation. Conclusions: The severity of IS proximal thoracic Cobb angles was positively associated with BMI and income. Other socioeconomic factors such as age, race, sex, access to food, insurance, and financial difficulties related to scoliosis treatment were not correlated with Cobb angle severity. The data presented suggest that patients with IS have varying degrees of curve type and severity that overall do not correlate with various socioeconomic factors. Validating which factors are predictive of curve severity could lead to early intervention preventing further morbidity of IS.