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Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County

The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is increasing in lower-middle-income countries as these countries transition to unhealthy lifestyles. The transition is mostly predominant in urban areas. We assessed the association between wealth and obesity in two sub-counties in Nairobi City County, Ke...

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Autores principales: Ochola, Sophie, Kanerva, Noora, Wachira, Lucy Joy, Owino, George E., Anono, Esther L., Walsh, Hanna M., Okoth, Victor, Erkkola, Maijaliisa, Swindell, Nils, Stratton, Gareth, Onywera, Vincent, Fogelholm, Mikael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962946
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000331
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author Ochola, Sophie
Kanerva, Noora
Wachira, Lucy Joy
Owino, George E.
Anono, Esther L.
Walsh, Hanna M.
Okoth, Victor
Erkkola, Maijaliisa
Swindell, Nils
Stratton, Gareth
Onywera, Vincent
Fogelholm, Mikael
author_facet Ochola, Sophie
Kanerva, Noora
Wachira, Lucy Joy
Owino, George E.
Anono, Esther L.
Walsh, Hanna M.
Okoth, Victor
Erkkola, Maijaliisa
Swindell, Nils
Stratton, Gareth
Onywera, Vincent
Fogelholm, Mikael
author_sort Ochola, Sophie
collection PubMed
description The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is increasing in lower-middle-income countries as these countries transition to unhealthy lifestyles. The transition is mostly predominant in urban areas. We assessed the association between wealth and obesity in two sub-counties in Nairobi City County, Kenya, in the context of family and poverty. This cross-sectional study was conducted among of 9–14 years old pre-adolescents and their guardians living in low- (Embakasi) and middle-income (Langata) sub-counties. The sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a validated questionnaire. Weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist circumference were measured using standard approved protocols. Socioeconomic characteristics of the residential sites were accessed using Wealth Index, created by using Principal Component Analysis. Statistical analyses were done by analysis of variance (continuous variables, comparison of areas) and with logistic and linear regression models.A total of 149 households, response rate of 93%, participated, 72 from Embakasi and 77 from Langata. Most of the participants residing in Embakasi belonged to the lower income and education groups whereas participants residing in Langata belonged to the higher income and education groups. About 30% of the pre-adolescent participants in Langata were overweight, compared to 6% in Embakasi (p<0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of adults (mostly mothers) with overweight and obesity was high (65%) in both study areas. Wealth (β = 0.01; SE 0.0; p = 0.003) and income (β = 0.29; SE 0.11; p = 0.009) predicted higher BMI z-score in pre-adolescents. In, pre-adolescent overweight was already highly prevalent in the middle-income area, while the proportion of women with overweight/obesity was high in the low-income area. These results suggest that a lifestyle promoting obesity is high regardless of socioeconomic status and wealth in Kenya. This provides a strong justification for promoting healthy lifestyles across all socio-economic classes.
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spelling pubmed-100211482023-03-17 Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County Ochola, Sophie Kanerva, Noora Wachira, Lucy Joy Owino, George E. Anono, Esther L. Walsh, Hanna M. Okoth, Victor Erkkola, Maijaliisa Swindell, Nils Stratton, Gareth Onywera, Vincent Fogelholm, Mikael PLOS Glob Public Health Research Article The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is increasing in lower-middle-income countries as these countries transition to unhealthy lifestyles. The transition is mostly predominant in urban areas. We assessed the association between wealth and obesity in two sub-counties in Nairobi City County, Kenya, in the context of family and poverty. This cross-sectional study was conducted among of 9–14 years old pre-adolescents and their guardians living in low- (Embakasi) and middle-income (Langata) sub-counties. The sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a validated questionnaire. Weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist circumference were measured using standard approved protocols. Socioeconomic characteristics of the residential sites were accessed using Wealth Index, created by using Principal Component Analysis. Statistical analyses were done by analysis of variance (continuous variables, comparison of areas) and with logistic and linear regression models.A total of 149 households, response rate of 93%, participated, 72 from Embakasi and 77 from Langata. Most of the participants residing in Embakasi belonged to the lower income and education groups whereas participants residing in Langata belonged to the higher income and education groups. About 30% of the pre-adolescent participants in Langata were overweight, compared to 6% in Embakasi (p<0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of adults (mostly mothers) with overweight and obesity was high (65%) in both study areas. Wealth (β = 0.01; SE 0.0; p = 0.003) and income (β = 0.29; SE 0.11; p = 0.009) predicted higher BMI z-score in pre-adolescents. In, pre-adolescent overweight was already highly prevalent in the middle-income area, while the proportion of women with overweight/obesity was high in the low-income area. These results suggest that a lifestyle promoting obesity is high regardless of socioeconomic status and wealth in Kenya. This provides a strong justification for promoting healthy lifestyles across all socio-economic classes. Public Library of Science 2023-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10021148/ /pubmed/36962946 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000331 Text en © 2023 Ochola et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ochola, Sophie
Kanerva, Noora
Wachira, Lucy Joy
Owino, George E.
Anono, Esther L.
Walsh, Hanna M.
Okoth, Victor
Erkkola, Maijaliisa
Swindell, Nils
Stratton, Gareth
Onywera, Vincent
Fogelholm, Mikael
Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County
title Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County
title_full Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County
title_fullStr Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County
title_full_unstemmed Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County
title_short Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County
title_sort wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: a first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of nairobi city county
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962946
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000331
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