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Gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy
Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, many of which have gendered effects worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was associated with LE for women and men and the gender gap in LE across the globe. Gender equality in 156 countries was...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021358/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36963039 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001214 |
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author | Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina Peters, Sanne A. E. Woodward, Mark |
author_facet | Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina Peters, Sanne A. E. Woodward, Mark |
author_sort | Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, many of which have gendered effects worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was associated with LE for women and men and the gender gap in LE across the globe. Gender equality in 156 countries was estimated using a modified global gender gap index (mGGGI), based on the index developed by the World Economic Forum between 2010 and 2021. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between the mGGGI and its economic, political, and education subindices and the gender gap in LE and women and men’s LE. Overall, the mGGGI increased from 58% in 2010 to 62% in 2021. Globally, changes in the mGGGI and its economic and political subindexes were not associated with changes in the gender gap in LE or with LE for women and men between 2010 and 2020. Improvements in gender equality in education were associated with a longer LE for women and men and widening of the gender gap in LE. In 2021, each 10% increase in the mGGGI was associated with a 4.3-month increase in women’s LE and a 3.5-month increase in men’s LE, and thus with an 8-month wider gender gap. However, the direction and magnitude of these associations varied between regions. Each 10% increase in the mGGGI was associated with a 6-month narrower gender gap in high-income countries, and a 13- and 16-month wider gender gap in South and Southeast Asia and Oceania, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. Globally, greater gender equality is associated with longer LE for both women and men and a widening of the gender gap in LE. The variation in this association across world regions suggests that gender equality may change as countries progress towards socioeconomic development and gender equality. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10021358 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100213582023-03-17 Gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina Peters, Sanne A. E. Woodward, Mark PLOS Glob Public Health Research Article Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, many of which have gendered effects worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was associated with LE for women and men and the gender gap in LE across the globe. Gender equality in 156 countries was estimated using a modified global gender gap index (mGGGI), based on the index developed by the World Economic Forum between 2010 and 2021. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between the mGGGI and its economic, political, and education subindices and the gender gap in LE and women and men’s LE. Overall, the mGGGI increased from 58% in 2010 to 62% in 2021. Globally, changes in the mGGGI and its economic and political subindexes were not associated with changes in the gender gap in LE or with LE for women and men between 2010 and 2020. Improvements in gender equality in education were associated with a longer LE for women and men and widening of the gender gap in LE. In 2021, each 10% increase in the mGGGI was associated with a 4.3-month increase in women’s LE and a 3.5-month increase in men’s LE, and thus with an 8-month wider gender gap. However, the direction and magnitude of these associations varied between regions. Each 10% increase in the mGGGI was associated with a 6-month narrower gender gap in high-income countries, and a 13- and 16-month wider gender gap in South and Southeast Asia and Oceania, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. Globally, greater gender equality is associated with longer LE for both women and men and a widening of the gender gap in LE. The variation in this association across world regions suggests that gender equality may change as countries progress towards socioeconomic development and gender equality. Public Library of Science 2023-03-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10021358/ /pubmed/36963039 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001214 Text en © 2023 Pinho-Gomes et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina Peters, Sanne A. E. Woodward, Mark Gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy |
title | Gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy |
title_full | Gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy |
title_fullStr | Gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy |
title_full_unstemmed | Gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy |
title_short | Gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy |
title_sort | gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021358/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36963039 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001214 |
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