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Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border

Between March 2020 and February 2021, the state of Baja California, Mexico, which borders the United States, registered 46,118 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a mortality rate of 238.2 deaths per 100,000 residents. Given limited access to testing, the population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection i...

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Autores principales: Zazueta, Oscar E., Garfein, Richard S., Cano-Torres, J. Oggun, Méndez-Lizárraga, César A., Rodwell, Timothy C., Muñiz-Salazar, Raquel, Ovalle-Marroquín, Diego F., Yee, Neiba G., Serafín-Higuera, Idanya Rubí, González-Reyes, Susana, Machado-Contreras, Jesus Rene, Horton, Lucy E., Strathdee, Steffanie A., Rodríguez, Ruth, Hill, Linda, Bojórquez-Chapela, Ietza
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021449/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962566
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000820
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author Zazueta, Oscar E.
Garfein, Richard S.
Cano-Torres, J. Oggun
Méndez-Lizárraga, César A.
Rodwell, Timothy C.
Muñiz-Salazar, Raquel
Ovalle-Marroquín, Diego F.
Yee, Neiba G.
Serafín-Higuera, Idanya Rubí
González-Reyes, Susana
Machado-Contreras, Jesus Rene
Horton, Lucy E.
Strathdee, Steffanie A.
Rodríguez, Ruth
Hill, Linda
Bojórquez-Chapela, Ietza
author_facet Zazueta, Oscar E.
Garfein, Richard S.
Cano-Torres, J. Oggun
Méndez-Lizárraga, César A.
Rodwell, Timothy C.
Muñiz-Salazar, Raquel
Ovalle-Marroquín, Diego F.
Yee, Neiba G.
Serafín-Higuera, Idanya Rubí
González-Reyes, Susana
Machado-Contreras, Jesus Rene
Horton, Lucy E.
Strathdee, Steffanie A.
Rodríguez, Ruth
Hill, Linda
Bojórquez-Chapela, Ietza
author_sort Zazueta, Oscar E.
collection PubMed
description Between March 2020 and February 2021, the state of Baja California, Mexico, which borders the United States, registered 46,118 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a mortality rate of 238.2 deaths per 100,000 residents. Given limited access to testing, the population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. The objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the three most populous cities of Baja California prior to scale-up of a national COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Probabilistic three-stage clustered sampling was used to conduct a population-based household survey of residents five years and older in the three cities. RT-PCR testing was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was determined by IgG antibody testing using fingerstick blood samples. An interviewer-administered questionnaire assessed participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding COVID-19. In total, 1,126 individuals (unweighted sample) were surveyed across the three cities. Overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR was 7.8% (95% CI 5.5–11.0) and IgG seroprevalence was 21.1% (95% CI 17.4–25.2). There was no association between border crossing in the past 6 months and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence (unadjusted OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.12–1.30). While face mask use and frequent hand washing were common among participants, quarantine or social isolation at home to prevent infection was not. Regarding vaccination willingness, 30.4% (95% CI 24.4–3 7.1) of participants said they were very unlikely to get vaccinated. Given the high prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California at the end of the first year of the pandemic, combined with its low seroprevalence and the considerable proportion of vaccine hesitancy, this important area along the Mexico-United States border faces major challenges in terms of health literacy and vaccine uptake, which need to be further explored, along with its implications for border restrictions in future epidemics.
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spelling pubmed-100214492023-03-17 Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border Zazueta, Oscar E. Garfein, Richard S. Cano-Torres, J. Oggun Méndez-Lizárraga, César A. Rodwell, Timothy C. Muñiz-Salazar, Raquel Ovalle-Marroquín, Diego F. Yee, Neiba G. Serafín-Higuera, Idanya Rubí González-Reyes, Susana Machado-Contreras, Jesus Rene Horton, Lucy E. Strathdee, Steffanie A. Rodríguez, Ruth Hill, Linda Bojórquez-Chapela, Ietza PLOS Glob Public Health Research Article Between March 2020 and February 2021, the state of Baja California, Mexico, which borders the United States, registered 46,118 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a mortality rate of 238.2 deaths per 100,000 residents. Given limited access to testing, the population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. The objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the three most populous cities of Baja California prior to scale-up of a national COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Probabilistic three-stage clustered sampling was used to conduct a population-based household survey of residents five years and older in the three cities. RT-PCR testing was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was determined by IgG antibody testing using fingerstick blood samples. An interviewer-administered questionnaire assessed participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding COVID-19. In total, 1,126 individuals (unweighted sample) were surveyed across the three cities. Overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR was 7.8% (95% CI 5.5–11.0) and IgG seroprevalence was 21.1% (95% CI 17.4–25.2). There was no association between border crossing in the past 6 months and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence (unadjusted OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.12–1.30). While face mask use and frequent hand washing were common among participants, quarantine or social isolation at home to prevent infection was not. Regarding vaccination willingness, 30.4% (95% CI 24.4–3 7.1) of participants said they were very unlikely to get vaccinated. Given the high prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California at the end of the first year of the pandemic, combined with its low seroprevalence and the considerable proportion of vaccine hesitancy, this important area along the Mexico-United States border faces major challenges in terms of health literacy and vaccine uptake, which need to be further explored, along with its implications for border restrictions in future epidemics. Public Library of Science 2022-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10021449/ /pubmed/36962566 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000820 Text en © 2022 Zazueta et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zazueta, Oscar E.
Garfein, Richard S.
Cano-Torres, J. Oggun
Méndez-Lizárraga, César A.
Rodwell, Timothy C.
Muñiz-Salazar, Raquel
Ovalle-Marroquín, Diego F.
Yee, Neiba G.
Serafín-Higuera, Idanya Rubí
González-Reyes, Susana
Machado-Contreras, Jesus Rene
Horton, Lucy E.
Strathdee, Steffanie A.
Rodríguez, Ruth
Hill, Linda
Bojórquez-Chapela, Ietza
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border
title Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border
title_full Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border
title_fullStr Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border
title_short Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border
title_sort prevalence of sars-cov-2 infection in baja california, mexico: findings from a community-based survey in february 2021 in the mexico-united states border
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021449/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962566
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000820
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