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Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia

During the past century, the global trend of reduced malaria transmission has been concurrent with increasing urbanization. Although urbanization has traditionally been considered beneficial for vector control, the adaptation of malaria vectors to urban environments has created concerns among scient...

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Autores principales: Nieto-Sanchez, Claudia, Dens, Stefanie, Solomon, Kalkidan, Haile, Asgedom, Yuan, Yue, Hawer, Thomas, Yewhalaw, Delenasaw, Addissie, Adamu, Grietens, Koen Peeters
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021683/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962186
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000173
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author Nieto-Sanchez, Claudia
Dens, Stefanie
Solomon, Kalkidan
Haile, Asgedom
Yuan, Yue
Hawer, Thomas
Yewhalaw, Delenasaw
Addissie, Adamu
Grietens, Koen Peeters
author_facet Nieto-Sanchez, Claudia
Dens, Stefanie
Solomon, Kalkidan
Haile, Asgedom
Yuan, Yue
Hawer, Thomas
Yewhalaw, Delenasaw
Addissie, Adamu
Grietens, Koen Peeters
author_sort Nieto-Sanchez, Claudia
collection PubMed
description During the past century, the global trend of reduced malaria transmission has been concurrent with increasing urbanization. Although urbanization has traditionally been considered beneficial for vector control, the adaptation of malaria vectors to urban environments has created concerns among scientific communities and national vector control programs. Since urbanization rates in Ethiopia are among the highest in the world, the Ethiopian government developed an initiative focused on building multi-storied units organized in condominium housing. This study aimed to develop an interdisciplinary methodological approach that integrates architecture, landscape urbanism, medical anthropology, and entomology to characterize exposure to malaria vectors in this form of housing in three condominiums in Jimma Town. Mosquitoes were collected using light trap catches (LTCs) both indoor and outdoor during 2019’s rainy season. Architectural drawings and ethnographic research were superposed to entomological data to detect critical interactions between uses of the space and settlement conditions potentially affecting malaria vector abundance and distribution. A total of 34 anopheline mosquitoes comprising three species (Anopheles gambiae s.l, An. pharoensis and An. coustani complex) were collected during the three months of mosquito collection. Anopheles gambiae s.l, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia, was the predominant species of all the anophelines collected. Distribution of mosquito breeding sites across scales (household, settlement, urban landscape) is explained by environmental conditions, socio-cultural practices involving modification of existing spaces, and systemic misfits between built environment and territory. Variations in mosquito abundance and distribution in this study were mainly related to standard building practices that ignore the original logics of the territory, deficiency of water and waste disposal management systems, and adaptations of the space to fit heterogeneous lifestyles of residents. Our results indicate that contextualizing malaria control strategies in relation to vector ecology, social dynamics determining specific uses of the space, as well as building and territorial conditions could strengthen current elimination efforts. Although individual housing remains a critical unit of research for vector control interventions, this study demonstrates the importance of studying housing settlements at communal level to capture systemic interactions impacting transmission at the household level and in outdoor areas.
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spelling pubmed-100216832023-03-17 Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia Nieto-Sanchez, Claudia Dens, Stefanie Solomon, Kalkidan Haile, Asgedom Yuan, Yue Hawer, Thomas Yewhalaw, Delenasaw Addissie, Adamu Grietens, Koen Peeters PLOS Glob Public Health Research Article During the past century, the global trend of reduced malaria transmission has been concurrent with increasing urbanization. Although urbanization has traditionally been considered beneficial for vector control, the adaptation of malaria vectors to urban environments has created concerns among scientific communities and national vector control programs. Since urbanization rates in Ethiopia are among the highest in the world, the Ethiopian government developed an initiative focused on building multi-storied units organized in condominium housing. This study aimed to develop an interdisciplinary methodological approach that integrates architecture, landscape urbanism, medical anthropology, and entomology to characterize exposure to malaria vectors in this form of housing in three condominiums in Jimma Town. Mosquitoes were collected using light trap catches (LTCs) both indoor and outdoor during 2019’s rainy season. Architectural drawings and ethnographic research were superposed to entomological data to detect critical interactions between uses of the space and settlement conditions potentially affecting malaria vector abundance and distribution. A total of 34 anopheline mosquitoes comprising three species (Anopheles gambiae s.l, An. pharoensis and An. coustani complex) were collected during the three months of mosquito collection. Anopheles gambiae s.l, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia, was the predominant species of all the anophelines collected. Distribution of mosquito breeding sites across scales (household, settlement, urban landscape) is explained by environmental conditions, socio-cultural practices involving modification of existing spaces, and systemic misfits between built environment and territory. Variations in mosquito abundance and distribution in this study were mainly related to standard building practices that ignore the original logics of the territory, deficiency of water and waste disposal management systems, and adaptations of the space to fit heterogeneous lifestyles of residents. Our results indicate that contextualizing malaria control strategies in relation to vector ecology, social dynamics determining specific uses of the space, as well as building and territorial conditions could strengthen current elimination efforts. Although individual housing remains a critical unit of research for vector control interventions, this study demonstrates the importance of studying housing settlements at communal level to capture systemic interactions impacting transmission at the household level and in outdoor areas. Public Library of Science 2022-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10021683/ /pubmed/36962186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000173 Text en © 2022 Nieto-Sanchez et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nieto-Sanchez, Claudia
Dens, Stefanie
Solomon, Kalkidan
Haile, Asgedom
Yuan, Yue
Hawer, Thomas
Yewhalaw, Delenasaw
Addissie, Adamu
Grietens, Koen Peeters
Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia
title Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia
title_full Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia
title_fullStr Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia
title_short Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia
title_sort beyond eves and cracks: an interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in ethiopia
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021683/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962186
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000173
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