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Determinants of blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with co-morbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Hypertension and diabetes are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and optimal control of blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease events. This study, therefore, sought to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of controlled BP and bl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10022155/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001342 |
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author | Alhassan, Yakubu Kwakye, Adwoa Oforiwaa Dwomoh, Andrews K. Baah-Nyarkoh, Emmanuella Ganu, Vincent Jessey Appiah, Bernard Kretchy, Irene A. |
author_facet | Alhassan, Yakubu Kwakye, Adwoa Oforiwaa Dwomoh, Andrews K. Baah-Nyarkoh, Emmanuella Ganu, Vincent Jessey Appiah, Bernard Kretchy, Irene A. |
author_sort | Alhassan, Yakubu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hypertension and diabetes are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and optimal control of blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease events. This study, therefore, sought to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of controlled BP and blood glucose levels among patients diagnosed with both hypertension and Type 2- diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary health setting in Ghana among patients 18 years and older diagnosed with both hypertension and T2DM. Pearson’s chi-square was used to assess the association between BP and blood glucose levels and the independent variables. The multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to assess the adjusted odds of controlled BP and blood glucose levels. Among the 329 participants diagnosed with both hypertension and T2DM, 41.3% (95% CI: 36.1–46.8%) had controlled BP, 57.1% (95% CI: 51.7–62.4%) had controlled blood glucose whilst 21.8% (95% CI: 17.7–26.7%) had both controlled BP and blood glucose levels. Increased age, non-formal education, non-married, employed, single-dose anti-hypertensives or anti-diabetic medications, and hyperlipidaemia or stroke co-morbidities were positively associated with controlled BP levels. Being female, married, taking 2 or more anti-hypertensive medications, and moderate to high medication-related burden were positively associated with controlled blood glucose levels. In terms of both controlled BP and blood glucose levels, being employed, reduced income level, being registered with national health insurance, single anti-diabetes or anti-hypertensive medications, hyperlipidaemia or stroke co-morbidities, and moderate to high medication-related burden were positively associated with having both controlled BP and blood glucose levels. One in five patients with hypertension and T2DM had both BP and blood glucose levels under control. The benefits and risks of blood pressure and blood glucose targets should thus be factored into the management of patients with hypertension and T2DM. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10022155 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100221552023-03-17 Determinants of blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with co-morbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study Alhassan, Yakubu Kwakye, Adwoa Oforiwaa Dwomoh, Andrews K. Baah-Nyarkoh, Emmanuella Ganu, Vincent Jessey Appiah, Bernard Kretchy, Irene A. PLOS Glob Public Health Research Article Hypertension and diabetes are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and optimal control of blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease events. This study, therefore, sought to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of controlled BP and blood glucose levels among patients diagnosed with both hypertension and Type 2- diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary health setting in Ghana among patients 18 years and older diagnosed with both hypertension and T2DM. Pearson’s chi-square was used to assess the association between BP and blood glucose levels and the independent variables. The multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to assess the adjusted odds of controlled BP and blood glucose levels. Among the 329 participants diagnosed with both hypertension and T2DM, 41.3% (95% CI: 36.1–46.8%) had controlled BP, 57.1% (95% CI: 51.7–62.4%) had controlled blood glucose whilst 21.8% (95% CI: 17.7–26.7%) had both controlled BP and blood glucose levels. Increased age, non-formal education, non-married, employed, single-dose anti-hypertensives or anti-diabetic medications, and hyperlipidaemia or stroke co-morbidities were positively associated with controlled BP levels. Being female, married, taking 2 or more anti-hypertensive medications, and moderate to high medication-related burden were positively associated with controlled blood glucose levels. In terms of both controlled BP and blood glucose levels, being employed, reduced income level, being registered with national health insurance, single anti-diabetes or anti-hypertensive medications, hyperlipidaemia or stroke co-morbidities, and moderate to high medication-related burden were positively associated with having both controlled BP and blood glucose levels. One in five patients with hypertension and T2DM had both BP and blood glucose levels under control. The benefits and risks of blood pressure and blood glucose targets should thus be factored into the management of patients with hypertension and T2DM. Public Library of Science 2022-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10022155/ /pubmed/36962917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001342 Text en © 2022 Alhassan et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Alhassan, Yakubu Kwakye, Adwoa Oforiwaa Dwomoh, Andrews K. Baah-Nyarkoh, Emmanuella Ganu, Vincent Jessey Appiah, Bernard Kretchy, Irene A. Determinants of blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with co-morbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study |
title | Determinants of blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with co-morbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study |
title_full | Determinants of blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with co-morbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr | Determinants of blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with co-morbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with co-morbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study |
title_short | Determinants of blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with co-morbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study |
title_sort | determinants of blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with co-morbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in ghana: a hospital-based cross-sectional study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10022155/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001342 |
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