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COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria

COVID-19 mortality rate has not been formally assessed in Nigeria. Thus, we aimed to address this gap and identify associated mortality risk factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria. This was a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data from all 37 States in Nigeria between Feb...

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Autores principales: Elimian, Kelly, Musah, Anwar, King, Carina, Igumbor, Ehimario, Myles, Puja, Aderinola, Olaolu, Erameh, Cyril, Nwanchukwu, William, Akande, Oluwatosin, Nicaise, Ndembi, Ogunbode, Oladipo, Egwuenu, Abiodun, Crawford, Emily, Gaudenzi, Giulia, Abdus-Salam, Ismail, Olopha, Olubunmi, Disu, Yahya, Bowale, Abimbola, Oshoma, Cyprian, Ohonsi, Cornelius, Arinze, Chinedu, Badaru, Sikiru, Ebhodaghe, Blessing, Habib, Zaiyad, Olugbile, Michael, Dan-Nwafor, Chioma, Abubakar, Jafiya, Pembi, Emmanuel, Dunkwu, Lauryn, Ike, Ifeanyi, Tobin, Ekaete, Mutiu, Bamidele, Luka-Lawal, Rejoice, Nwafor, Obinna, Okowa, Mildred, Ezeokafor, Chidiebere, Iwara, Emem, Yennan, Sebastian, Eziechina, Sunday, Olatunji, David, Falodun, Lanre, Joseph, Emmanuel, Abali, Ifeanyi, Mohammed, Tarik, Yiga, Benjamin, Kamaldeen, Khadeejah, Agogo, Emmanuel, Mba, Nwando, Oladejo, John, Ilori, Elsie, Aruna, Olusola, Namara, Geoffrey, Obaro, Stephen, Hamza, Khadeejah, Asuzu, Michael, Bello, Shaibu, Okonofua, Friday, Deeni, Yusuf, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Alfven, Tobias, Ochu, Chinwe, Ihekweazu, Chikwe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10022313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962290
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000169
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author Elimian, Kelly
Musah, Anwar
King, Carina
Igumbor, Ehimario
Myles, Puja
Aderinola, Olaolu
Erameh, Cyril
Nwanchukwu, William
Akande, Oluwatosin
Nicaise, Ndembi
Ogunbode, Oladipo
Egwuenu, Abiodun
Crawford, Emily
Gaudenzi, Giulia
Abdus-Salam, Ismail
Olopha, Olubunmi
Disu, Yahya
Bowale, Abimbola
Oshoma, Cyprian
Ohonsi, Cornelius
Arinze, Chinedu
Badaru, Sikiru
Ebhodaghe, Blessing
Habib, Zaiyad
Olugbile, Michael
Dan-Nwafor, Chioma
Abubakar, Jafiya
Pembi, Emmanuel
Dunkwu, Lauryn
Ike, Ifeanyi
Tobin, Ekaete
Mutiu, Bamidele
Luka-Lawal, Rejoice
Nwafor, Obinna
Okowa, Mildred
Ezeokafor, Chidiebere
Iwara, Emem
Yennan, Sebastian
Eziechina, Sunday
Olatunji, David
Falodun, Lanre
Joseph, Emmanuel
Abali, Ifeanyi
Mohammed, Tarik
Yiga, Benjamin
Kamaldeen, Khadeejah
Agogo, Emmanuel
Mba, Nwando
Oladejo, John
Ilori, Elsie
Aruna, Olusola
Namara, Geoffrey
Obaro, Stephen
Hamza, Khadeejah
Asuzu, Michael
Bello, Shaibu
Okonofua, Friday
Deeni, Yusuf
Abubakar, Ibrahim
Alfven, Tobias
Ochu, Chinwe
Ihekweazu, Chikwe
author_facet Elimian, Kelly
Musah, Anwar
King, Carina
Igumbor, Ehimario
Myles, Puja
Aderinola, Olaolu
Erameh, Cyril
Nwanchukwu, William
Akande, Oluwatosin
Nicaise, Ndembi
Ogunbode, Oladipo
Egwuenu, Abiodun
Crawford, Emily
Gaudenzi, Giulia
Abdus-Salam, Ismail
Olopha, Olubunmi
Disu, Yahya
Bowale, Abimbola
Oshoma, Cyprian
Ohonsi, Cornelius
Arinze, Chinedu
Badaru, Sikiru
Ebhodaghe, Blessing
Habib, Zaiyad
Olugbile, Michael
Dan-Nwafor, Chioma
Abubakar, Jafiya
Pembi, Emmanuel
Dunkwu, Lauryn
Ike, Ifeanyi
Tobin, Ekaete
Mutiu, Bamidele
Luka-Lawal, Rejoice
Nwafor, Obinna
Okowa, Mildred
Ezeokafor, Chidiebere
Iwara, Emem
Yennan, Sebastian
Eziechina, Sunday
Olatunji, David
Falodun, Lanre
Joseph, Emmanuel
Abali, Ifeanyi
Mohammed, Tarik
Yiga, Benjamin
Kamaldeen, Khadeejah
Agogo, Emmanuel
Mba, Nwando
Oladejo, John
Ilori, Elsie
Aruna, Olusola
Namara, Geoffrey
Obaro, Stephen
Hamza, Khadeejah
Asuzu, Michael
Bello, Shaibu
Okonofua, Friday
Deeni, Yusuf
Abubakar, Ibrahim
Alfven, Tobias
Ochu, Chinwe
Ihekweazu, Chikwe
author_sort Elimian, Kelly
collection PubMed
description COVID-19 mortality rate has not been formally assessed in Nigeria. Thus, we aimed to address this gap and identify associated mortality risk factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria. This was a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data from all 37 States in Nigeria between February 27, 2020, and April 3, 2021. The outcome variable was mortality amongst persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Incidence rates of COVID-19 mortality was calculated by dividing the number of deaths by total person-time (in days) contributed by the entire study population and presented per 100,000 person-days with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Adjusted negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 mortality. Findings are presented as adjusted Incidence Rate Ratios (aIRR) with 95% CI. The first wave included 65,790 COVID-19 patients, of whom 994 (1∙51%) died; the second wave included 91,089 patients, of whom 513 (0∙56%) died. The incidence rate of COVID-19 mortality was higher in the first wave [54∙25 (95% CI: 50∙98–57∙73)] than in the second wave [19∙19 (17∙60–20∙93)]. Factors independently associated with increased risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves were: age ≥45 years, male gender [first wave aIRR 1∙65 (1∙35–2∙02) and second wave 1∙52 (1∙11–2∙06)], being symptomatic [aIRR 3∙17 (2∙59–3∙89) and 3∙04 (2∙20–4∙21)], and being hospitalised [aIRR 4∙19 (3∙26–5∙39) and 7∙84 (4∙90–12∙54)]. Relative to South-West, residency in the South-South and North-West was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves. In conclusion, the rate of COVID-19 mortality in Nigeria was higher in the first wave than in the second wave, suggesting an improvement in public health response and clinical care in the second wave. However, this needs to be interpreted with caution given the inherent limitations of the country’s surveillance system during the study.
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spelling pubmed-100223132023-03-17 COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria Elimian, Kelly Musah, Anwar King, Carina Igumbor, Ehimario Myles, Puja Aderinola, Olaolu Erameh, Cyril Nwanchukwu, William Akande, Oluwatosin Nicaise, Ndembi Ogunbode, Oladipo Egwuenu, Abiodun Crawford, Emily Gaudenzi, Giulia Abdus-Salam, Ismail Olopha, Olubunmi Disu, Yahya Bowale, Abimbola Oshoma, Cyprian Ohonsi, Cornelius Arinze, Chinedu Badaru, Sikiru Ebhodaghe, Blessing Habib, Zaiyad Olugbile, Michael Dan-Nwafor, Chioma Abubakar, Jafiya Pembi, Emmanuel Dunkwu, Lauryn Ike, Ifeanyi Tobin, Ekaete Mutiu, Bamidele Luka-Lawal, Rejoice Nwafor, Obinna Okowa, Mildred Ezeokafor, Chidiebere Iwara, Emem Yennan, Sebastian Eziechina, Sunday Olatunji, David Falodun, Lanre Joseph, Emmanuel Abali, Ifeanyi Mohammed, Tarik Yiga, Benjamin Kamaldeen, Khadeejah Agogo, Emmanuel Mba, Nwando Oladejo, John Ilori, Elsie Aruna, Olusola Namara, Geoffrey Obaro, Stephen Hamza, Khadeejah Asuzu, Michael Bello, Shaibu Okonofua, Friday Deeni, Yusuf Abubakar, Ibrahim Alfven, Tobias Ochu, Chinwe Ihekweazu, Chikwe PLOS Glob Public Health Research Article COVID-19 mortality rate has not been formally assessed in Nigeria. Thus, we aimed to address this gap and identify associated mortality risk factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria. This was a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data from all 37 States in Nigeria between February 27, 2020, and April 3, 2021. The outcome variable was mortality amongst persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Incidence rates of COVID-19 mortality was calculated by dividing the number of deaths by total person-time (in days) contributed by the entire study population and presented per 100,000 person-days with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Adjusted negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 mortality. Findings are presented as adjusted Incidence Rate Ratios (aIRR) with 95% CI. The first wave included 65,790 COVID-19 patients, of whom 994 (1∙51%) died; the second wave included 91,089 patients, of whom 513 (0∙56%) died. The incidence rate of COVID-19 mortality was higher in the first wave [54∙25 (95% CI: 50∙98–57∙73)] than in the second wave [19∙19 (17∙60–20∙93)]. Factors independently associated with increased risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves were: age ≥45 years, male gender [first wave aIRR 1∙65 (1∙35–2∙02) and second wave 1∙52 (1∙11–2∙06)], being symptomatic [aIRR 3∙17 (2∙59–3∙89) and 3∙04 (2∙20–4∙21)], and being hospitalised [aIRR 4∙19 (3∙26–5∙39) and 7∙84 (4∙90–12∙54)]. Relative to South-West, residency in the South-South and North-West was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves. In conclusion, the rate of COVID-19 mortality in Nigeria was higher in the first wave than in the second wave, suggesting an improvement in public health response and clinical care in the second wave. However, this needs to be interpreted with caution given the inherent limitations of the country’s surveillance system during the study. Public Library of Science 2022-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10022313/ /pubmed/36962290 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000169 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication.
spellingShingle Research Article
Elimian, Kelly
Musah, Anwar
King, Carina
Igumbor, Ehimario
Myles, Puja
Aderinola, Olaolu
Erameh, Cyril
Nwanchukwu, William
Akande, Oluwatosin
Nicaise, Ndembi
Ogunbode, Oladipo
Egwuenu, Abiodun
Crawford, Emily
Gaudenzi, Giulia
Abdus-Salam, Ismail
Olopha, Olubunmi
Disu, Yahya
Bowale, Abimbola
Oshoma, Cyprian
Ohonsi, Cornelius
Arinze, Chinedu
Badaru, Sikiru
Ebhodaghe, Blessing
Habib, Zaiyad
Olugbile, Michael
Dan-Nwafor, Chioma
Abubakar, Jafiya
Pembi, Emmanuel
Dunkwu, Lauryn
Ike, Ifeanyi
Tobin, Ekaete
Mutiu, Bamidele
Luka-Lawal, Rejoice
Nwafor, Obinna
Okowa, Mildred
Ezeokafor, Chidiebere
Iwara, Emem
Yennan, Sebastian
Eziechina, Sunday
Olatunji, David
Falodun, Lanre
Joseph, Emmanuel
Abali, Ifeanyi
Mohammed, Tarik
Yiga, Benjamin
Kamaldeen, Khadeejah
Agogo, Emmanuel
Mba, Nwando
Oladejo, John
Ilori, Elsie
Aruna, Olusola
Namara, Geoffrey
Obaro, Stephen
Hamza, Khadeejah
Asuzu, Michael
Bello, Shaibu
Okonofua, Friday
Deeni, Yusuf
Abubakar, Ibrahim
Alfven, Tobias
Ochu, Chinwe
Ihekweazu, Chikwe
COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria
title COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria
title_full COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria
title_fullStr COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria
title_short COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria
title_sort covid-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in nigeria
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10022313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962290
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000169
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