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COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria
COVID-19 mortality rate has not been formally assessed in Nigeria. Thus, we aimed to address this gap and identify associated mortality risk factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria. This was a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data from all 37 States in Nigeria between Feb...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10022313/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962290 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000169 |
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author | Elimian, Kelly Musah, Anwar King, Carina Igumbor, Ehimario Myles, Puja Aderinola, Olaolu Erameh, Cyril Nwanchukwu, William Akande, Oluwatosin Nicaise, Ndembi Ogunbode, Oladipo Egwuenu, Abiodun Crawford, Emily Gaudenzi, Giulia Abdus-Salam, Ismail Olopha, Olubunmi Disu, Yahya Bowale, Abimbola Oshoma, Cyprian Ohonsi, Cornelius Arinze, Chinedu Badaru, Sikiru Ebhodaghe, Blessing Habib, Zaiyad Olugbile, Michael Dan-Nwafor, Chioma Abubakar, Jafiya Pembi, Emmanuel Dunkwu, Lauryn Ike, Ifeanyi Tobin, Ekaete Mutiu, Bamidele Luka-Lawal, Rejoice Nwafor, Obinna Okowa, Mildred Ezeokafor, Chidiebere Iwara, Emem Yennan, Sebastian Eziechina, Sunday Olatunji, David Falodun, Lanre Joseph, Emmanuel Abali, Ifeanyi Mohammed, Tarik Yiga, Benjamin Kamaldeen, Khadeejah Agogo, Emmanuel Mba, Nwando Oladejo, John Ilori, Elsie Aruna, Olusola Namara, Geoffrey Obaro, Stephen Hamza, Khadeejah Asuzu, Michael Bello, Shaibu Okonofua, Friday Deeni, Yusuf Abubakar, Ibrahim Alfven, Tobias Ochu, Chinwe Ihekweazu, Chikwe |
author_facet | Elimian, Kelly Musah, Anwar King, Carina Igumbor, Ehimario Myles, Puja Aderinola, Olaolu Erameh, Cyril Nwanchukwu, William Akande, Oluwatosin Nicaise, Ndembi Ogunbode, Oladipo Egwuenu, Abiodun Crawford, Emily Gaudenzi, Giulia Abdus-Salam, Ismail Olopha, Olubunmi Disu, Yahya Bowale, Abimbola Oshoma, Cyprian Ohonsi, Cornelius Arinze, Chinedu Badaru, Sikiru Ebhodaghe, Blessing Habib, Zaiyad Olugbile, Michael Dan-Nwafor, Chioma Abubakar, Jafiya Pembi, Emmanuel Dunkwu, Lauryn Ike, Ifeanyi Tobin, Ekaete Mutiu, Bamidele Luka-Lawal, Rejoice Nwafor, Obinna Okowa, Mildred Ezeokafor, Chidiebere Iwara, Emem Yennan, Sebastian Eziechina, Sunday Olatunji, David Falodun, Lanre Joseph, Emmanuel Abali, Ifeanyi Mohammed, Tarik Yiga, Benjamin Kamaldeen, Khadeejah Agogo, Emmanuel Mba, Nwando Oladejo, John Ilori, Elsie Aruna, Olusola Namara, Geoffrey Obaro, Stephen Hamza, Khadeejah Asuzu, Michael Bello, Shaibu Okonofua, Friday Deeni, Yusuf Abubakar, Ibrahim Alfven, Tobias Ochu, Chinwe Ihekweazu, Chikwe |
author_sort | Elimian, Kelly |
collection | PubMed |
description | COVID-19 mortality rate has not been formally assessed in Nigeria. Thus, we aimed to address this gap and identify associated mortality risk factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria. This was a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data from all 37 States in Nigeria between February 27, 2020, and April 3, 2021. The outcome variable was mortality amongst persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Incidence rates of COVID-19 mortality was calculated by dividing the number of deaths by total person-time (in days) contributed by the entire study population and presented per 100,000 person-days with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Adjusted negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 mortality. Findings are presented as adjusted Incidence Rate Ratios (aIRR) with 95% CI. The first wave included 65,790 COVID-19 patients, of whom 994 (1∙51%) died; the second wave included 91,089 patients, of whom 513 (0∙56%) died. The incidence rate of COVID-19 mortality was higher in the first wave [54∙25 (95% CI: 50∙98–57∙73)] than in the second wave [19∙19 (17∙60–20∙93)]. Factors independently associated with increased risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves were: age ≥45 years, male gender [first wave aIRR 1∙65 (1∙35–2∙02) and second wave 1∙52 (1∙11–2∙06)], being symptomatic [aIRR 3∙17 (2∙59–3∙89) and 3∙04 (2∙20–4∙21)], and being hospitalised [aIRR 4∙19 (3∙26–5∙39) and 7∙84 (4∙90–12∙54)]. Relative to South-West, residency in the South-South and North-West was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves. In conclusion, the rate of COVID-19 mortality in Nigeria was higher in the first wave than in the second wave, suggesting an improvement in public health response and clinical care in the second wave. However, this needs to be interpreted with caution given the inherent limitations of the country’s surveillance system during the study. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10022313 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100223132023-03-17 COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria Elimian, Kelly Musah, Anwar King, Carina Igumbor, Ehimario Myles, Puja Aderinola, Olaolu Erameh, Cyril Nwanchukwu, William Akande, Oluwatosin Nicaise, Ndembi Ogunbode, Oladipo Egwuenu, Abiodun Crawford, Emily Gaudenzi, Giulia Abdus-Salam, Ismail Olopha, Olubunmi Disu, Yahya Bowale, Abimbola Oshoma, Cyprian Ohonsi, Cornelius Arinze, Chinedu Badaru, Sikiru Ebhodaghe, Blessing Habib, Zaiyad Olugbile, Michael Dan-Nwafor, Chioma Abubakar, Jafiya Pembi, Emmanuel Dunkwu, Lauryn Ike, Ifeanyi Tobin, Ekaete Mutiu, Bamidele Luka-Lawal, Rejoice Nwafor, Obinna Okowa, Mildred Ezeokafor, Chidiebere Iwara, Emem Yennan, Sebastian Eziechina, Sunday Olatunji, David Falodun, Lanre Joseph, Emmanuel Abali, Ifeanyi Mohammed, Tarik Yiga, Benjamin Kamaldeen, Khadeejah Agogo, Emmanuel Mba, Nwando Oladejo, John Ilori, Elsie Aruna, Olusola Namara, Geoffrey Obaro, Stephen Hamza, Khadeejah Asuzu, Michael Bello, Shaibu Okonofua, Friday Deeni, Yusuf Abubakar, Ibrahim Alfven, Tobias Ochu, Chinwe Ihekweazu, Chikwe PLOS Glob Public Health Research Article COVID-19 mortality rate has not been formally assessed in Nigeria. Thus, we aimed to address this gap and identify associated mortality risk factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria. This was a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data from all 37 States in Nigeria between February 27, 2020, and April 3, 2021. The outcome variable was mortality amongst persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Incidence rates of COVID-19 mortality was calculated by dividing the number of deaths by total person-time (in days) contributed by the entire study population and presented per 100,000 person-days with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Adjusted negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 mortality. Findings are presented as adjusted Incidence Rate Ratios (aIRR) with 95% CI. The first wave included 65,790 COVID-19 patients, of whom 994 (1∙51%) died; the second wave included 91,089 patients, of whom 513 (0∙56%) died. The incidence rate of COVID-19 mortality was higher in the first wave [54∙25 (95% CI: 50∙98–57∙73)] than in the second wave [19∙19 (17∙60–20∙93)]. Factors independently associated with increased risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves were: age ≥45 years, male gender [first wave aIRR 1∙65 (1∙35–2∙02) and second wave 1∙52 (1∙11–2∙06)], being symptomatic [aIRR 3∙17 (2∙59–3∙89) and 3∙04 (2∙20–4∙21)], and being hospitalised [aIRR 4∙19 (3∙26–5∙39) and 7∙84 (4∙90–12∙54)]. Relative to South-West, residency in the South-South and North-West was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves. In conclusion, the rate of COVID-19 mortality in Nigeria was higher in the first wave than in the second wave, suggesting an improvement in public health response and clinical care in the second wave. However, this needs to be interpreted with caution given the inherent limitations of the country’s surveillance system during the study. Public Library of Science 2022-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10022313/ /pubmed/36962290 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000169 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Elimian, Kelly Musah, Anwar King, Carina Igumbor, Ehimario Myles, Puja Aderinola, Olaolu Erameh, Cyril Nwanchukwu, William Akande, Oluwatosin Nicaise, Ndembi Ogunbode, Oladipo Egwuenu, Abiodun Crawford, Emily Gaudenzi, Giulia Abdus-Salam, Ismail Olopha, Olubunmi Disu, Yahya Bowale, Abimbola Oshoma, Cyprian Ohonsi, Cornelius Arinze, Chinedu Badaru, Sikiru Ebhodaghe, Blessing Habib, Zaiyad Olugbile, Michael Dan-Nwafor, Chioma Abubakar, Jafiya Pembi, Emmanuel Dunkwu, Lauryn Ike, Ifeanyi Tobin, Ekaete Mutiu, Bamidele Luka-Lawal, Rejoice Nwafor, Obinna Okowa, Mildred Ezeokafor, Chidiebere Iwara, Emem Yennan, Sebastian Eziechina, Sunday Olatunji, David Falodun, Lanre Joseph, Emmanuel Abali, Ifeanyi Mohammed, Tarik Yiga, Benjamin Kamaldeen, Khadeejah Agogo, Emmanuel Mba, Nwando Oladejo, John Ilori, Elsie Aruna, Olusola Namara, Geoffrey Obaro, Stephen Hamza, Khadeejah Asuzu, Michael Bello, Shaibu Okonofua, Friday Deeni, Yusuf Abubakar, Ibrahim Alfven, Tobias Ochu, Chinwe Ihekweazu, Chikwe COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria |
title | COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria |
title_full | COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria |
title_fullStr | COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria |
title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria |
title_short | COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria |
title_sort | covid-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in nigeria |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10022313/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36962290 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000169 |
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