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Tracing ΦX174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the plausibility of using the ΦX174 bacteriophage as a tracer of viral aerosols spreading in a dental aerosol-generating procedure (AGP) model. METHODS: ΦX174 bacteriophage (~ 10(8) plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL) was added into instrument irrigation reser...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10024015/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36933045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04937-z |
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author | Beltrán, Edgar O. Castellanos, Jaime E. Corredor, Zayda L. Morgado, Wendy Zarta, Olga L. Cortés, Andrea Avila, Viviana Martignon, Stefania |
author_facet | Beltrán, Edgar O. Castellanos, Jaime E. Corredor, Zayda L. Morgado, Wendy Zarta, Olga L. Cortés, Andrea Avila, Viviana Martignon, Stefania |
author_sort | Beltrán, Edgar O. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the plausibility of using the ΦX174 bacteriophage as a tracer of viral aerosols spreading in a dental aerosol-generating procedure (AGP) model. METHODS: ΦX174 bacteriophage (~ 10(8) plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL) was added into instrument irrigation reservoirs and aerosolized during class-IV cavity preparations followed by composite fillings on natural upper-anterior teeth (n = 3) in a phantom head. Droplets/aerosols were sampled through a passive approach that consisted of Escherichia coli strain C600 cultures immersed in a LB top agar layer in Petri dishes (PDs) in a double-layer technique. In addition, an active approach consisted of E coli C600 on PDs sets mounted in a six-stage cascade Andersen impactor (AI) (simulating human inhalation). The AI was located at 30 cm from the mannequin during AGP and afterwards at 1.5 m. After collection PDs were incubated overnight (18 h at 37 °C) and bacterial lysis was quantified. RESULTS: The passive approach disclosed PFUs mainly concentrated over the dental practitioner, on the mannequin’s chest and shoulder and up to 90 cm apart, facing the opposite side of the AGP’s source (around the spittoon). The maximum aerosol spreading distance was 1.5 m in front of the mannequin’s mouth. The active approach disclosed collection of PFUs corresponding to stages (and aerodynamic diameters) 5 (1.1–2.1 µm) and 6 (0.65–1.1 µm), mimicking access to the lower respiratory airways. CONCLUSION: The ΦX174 bacteriophage can be used as a traceable viral surrogate in simulated studies contributing to understand dental bioaerosol’s behavior, its spreading, and its potential threat for upper and lower respiratory tract. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The probability to find infectious virus during AGPs is high. This suggests the need to continue characterizing the spreading viral agents in different clinical settings through combination of passive and active approaches. In addition, subsequent identification and implementation of virus-related mitigation strategies is relevant to avoid occupational virus infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10024015 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100240152023-03-21 Tracing ΦX174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic Beltrán, Edgar O. Castellanos, Jaime E. Corredor, Zayda L. Morgado, Wendy Zarta, Olga L. Cortés, Andrea Avila, Viviana Martignon, Stefania Clin Oral Investig Research OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the plausibility of using the ΦX174 bacteriophage as a tracer of viral aerosols spreading in a dental aerosol-generating procedure (AGP) model. METHODS: ΦX174 bacteriophage (~ 10(8) plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL) was added into instrument irrigation reservoirs and aerosolized during class-IV cavity preparations followed by composite fillings on natural upper-anterior teeth (n = 3) in a phantom head. Droplets/aerosols were sampled through a passive approach that consisted of Escherichia coli strain C600 cultures immersed in a LB top agar layer in Petri dishes (PDs) in a double-layer technique. In addition, an active approach consisted of E coli C600 on PDs sets mounted in a six-stage cascade Andersen impactor (AI) (simulating human inhalation). The AI was located at 30 cm from the mannequin during AGP and afterwards at 1.5 m. After collection PDs were incubated overnight (18 h at 37 °C) and bacterial lysis was quantified. RESULTS: The passive approach disclosed PFUs mainly concentrated over the dental practitioner, on the mannequin’s chest and shoulder and up to 90 cm apart, facing the opposite side of the AGP’s source (around the spittoon). The maximum aerosol spreading distance was 1.5 m in front of the mannequin’s mouth. The active approach disclosed collection of PFUs corresponding to stages (and aerodynamic diameters) 5 (1.1–2.1 µm) and 6 (0.65–1.1 µm), mimicking access to the lower respiratory airways. CONCLUSION: The ΦX174 bacteriophage can be used as a traceable viral surrogate in simulated studies contributing to understand dental bioaerosol’s behavior, its spreading, and its potential threat for upper and lower respiratory tract. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The probability to find infectious virus during AGPs is high. This suggests the need to continue characterizing the spreading viral agents in different clinical settings through combination of passive and active approaches. In addition, subsequent identification and implementation of virus-related mitigation strategies is relevant to avoid occupational virus infections. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-03-18 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10024015/ /pubmed/36933045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04937-z Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Beltrán, Edgar O. Castellanos, Jaime E. Corredor, Zayda L. Morgado, Wendy Zarta, Olga L. Cortés, Andrea Avila, Viviana Martignon, Stefania Tracing ΦX174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic |
title | Tracing ΦX174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic |
title_full | Tracing ΦX174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic |
title_fullStr | Tracing ΦX174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic |
title_full_unstemmed | Tracing ΦX174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic |
title_short | Tracing ΦX174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic |
title_sort | tracing φx174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10024015/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36933045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04937-z |
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