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Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects

BACKGROUND: Sex and gender have a large impact in human health and disease prediction. According to genomic/genetics, men differ from women by a limited number of genes in Y chromosome, while the phenotypes of the 2 sexes differ markedly. METHODS: In this study, serum samples from six healthy Bahrai...

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Autores principales: Giha, Hayder A., Abdulwahab, Rabab A., Abbas, Jaafar, Shinwari, Zakia, Alaiya, Ayodele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10024626/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36941947
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8822205
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author Giha, Hayder A.
Abdulwahab, Rabab A.
Abbas, Jaafar
Shinwari, Zakia
Alaiya, Ayodele
author_facet Giha, Hayder A.
Abdulwahab, Rabab A.
Abbas, Jaafar
Shinwari, Zakia
Alaiya, Ayodele
author_sort Giha, Hayder A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Sex and gender have a large impact in human health and disease prediction. According to genomic/genetics, men differ from women by a limited number of genes in Y chromosome, while the phenotypes of the 2 sexes differ markedly. METHODS: In this study, serum samples from six healthy Bahraini men and women were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioinformatics databases and tools were used for protein/peptide (PPs) identification and gene localization. The PPs that differed significantly (p < 0.05, ANOVA) in abundance with a fold change (FC) of ≥1.5 were identified. RESULTS: Revealed 20 PPs, 11 were upregulated in women with very high FC (up to 8 folds), and 9 were upregulated in men but with much lower FC. The PPs are encoded by genes located in autosomal chromosomes, indicative of sex-biased gene expression. The only PP related to sex, the sex hormone-binding globulin, was upregulated in women. The remaining PPs were involved in immunity, lipid metabolism, gene expression, connective tissue, and others, with some overlap in function. CONCLUSIONS: The upregulated PPs in men or women are mostly reflecting the functon or risk/protection provided by the PPs to the specific sex, e.g., Apo-B100 of LDLC. Finally, the basis of sex-biased gene expression and sex phenotypic differences needs further investigation.
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spelling pubmed-100246262023-03-19 Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects Giha, Hayder A. Abdulwahab, Rabab A. Abbas, Jaafar Shinwari, Zakia Alaiya, Ayodele Genet Res (Camb) Research Article BACKGROUND: Sex and gender have a large impact in human health and disease prediction. According to genomic/genetics, men differ from women by a limited number of genes in Y chromosome, while the phenotypes of the 2 sexes differ markedly. METHODS: In this study, serum samples from six healthy Bahraini men and women were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioinformatics databases and tools were used for protein/peptide (PPs) identification and gene localization. The PPs that differed significantly (p < 0.05, ANOVA) in abundance with a fold change (FC) of ≥1.5 were identified. RESULTS: Revealed 20 PPs, 11 were upregulated in women with very high FC (up to 8 folds), and 9 were upregulated in men but with much lower FC. The PPs are encoded by genes located in autosomal chromosomes, indicative of sex-biased gene expression. The only PP related to sex, the sex hormone-binding globulin, was upregulated in women. The remaining PPs were involved in immunity, lipid metabolism, gene expression, connective tissue, and others, with some overlap in function. CONCLUSIONS: The upregulated PPs in men or women are mostly reflecting the functon or risk/protection provided by the PPs to the specific sex, e.g., Apo-B100 of LDLC. Finally, the basis of sex-biased gene expression and sex phenotypic differences needs further investigation. Hindawi 2023-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10024626/ /pubmed/36941947 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8822205 Text en Copyright © 2023 Hayder A. Giha et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Giha, Hayder A.
Abdulwahab, Rabab A.
Abbas, Jaafar
Shinwari, Zakia
Alaiya, Ayodele
Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects
title Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects
title_full Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects
title_fullStr Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects
title_full_unstemmed Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects
title_short Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects
title_sort sex-biased expression of genes allocated in the autosomal chromosomes: blood lc-ms/ms protein profiling in healthy subjects
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10024626/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36941947
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8822205
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