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Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and CO(2) pollution in Italy

Travel and tourism support a country’s economy and improve its social outlook. The religious inclination is an important factor influencing tourism and constitutes a significant part of general tourism. Thus, assessing and evaluating its real impacts on a country is crucial. As the world continues t...

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Autores principales: Nawaz, Muhammad Zahid, Guo, Jinguang, Nawaz, Shahid, Hussain, Sadam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10026203/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36940029
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26463-x
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author Nawaz, Muhammad Zahid
Guo, Jinguang
Nawaz, Shahid
Hussain, Sadam
author_facet Nawaz, Muhammad Zahid
Guo, Jinguang
Nawaz, Shahid
Hussain, Sadam
author_sort Nawaz, Muhammad Zahid
collection PubMed
description Travel and tourism support a country’s economy and improve its social outlook. The religious inclination is an important factor influencing tourism and constitutes a significant part of general tourism. Thus, assessing and evaluating its real impacts on a country is crucial. As the world continues to grapple with the effects of environmental degradation, numerous studies have delved into the research between tourism, energy consumption, and pollution emissions. However, the impact of religious tourism on the environment is often overlooked. To bridge this gap, this study explores the relationship between religious tourist arrivals, geopolitical risk, and environmental quality in Italy. By employing ARDL and wavelets coherence analysis on the Italian data from 1997 to 2019, the findings of this study reveal a mitigation effect of religious tourist arrivals and geopolitical risk on CO(2) pollution levels. In contrast, it highlights the significance of foreign direct investment and transportation as significant contributors to CO(2) pollution. In conclusion, the study highlights the crucial role that religious tourism and religious leaders can play in mitigating environmental pollution and the importance of considering this aspect in future environmental studies as well as emphasize the need for Italian authorities to pay close attention to the impact of foreign direct investment and transportation energy consumption on the environment to achieve sustainable development goals.
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spelling pubmed-100262032023-03-21 Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and CO(2) pollution in Italy Nawaz, Muhammad Zahid Guo, Jinguang Nawaz, Shahid Hussain, Sadam Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article Travel and tourism support a country’s economy and improve its social outlook. The religious inclination is an important factor influencing tourism and constitutes a significant part of general tourism. Thus, assessing and evaluating its real impacts on a country is crucial. As the world continues to grapple with the effects of environmental degradation, numerous studies have delved into the research between tourism, energy consumption, and pollution emissions. However, the impact of religious tourism on the environment is often overlooked. To bridge this gap, this study explores the relationship between religious tourist arrivals, geopolitical risk, and environmental quality in Italy. By employing ARDL and wavelets coherence analysis on the Italian data from 1997 to 2019, the findings of this study reveal a mitigation effect of religious tourist arrivals and geopolitical risk on CO(2) pollution levels. In contrast, it highlights the significance of foreign direct investment and transportation as significant contributors to CO(2) pollution. In conclusion, the study highlights the crucial role that religious tourism and religious leaders can play in mitigating environmental pollution and the importance of considering this aspect in future environmental studies as well as emphasize the need for Italian authorities to pay close attention to the impact of foreign direct investment and transportation energy consumption on the environment to achieve sustainable development goals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-03-20 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10026203/ /pubmed/36940029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26463-x Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nawaz, Muhammad Zahid
Guo, Jinguang
Nawaz, Shahid
Hussain, Sadam
Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and CO(2) pollution in Italy
title Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and CO(2) pollution in Italy
title_full Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and CO(2) pollution in Italy
title_fullStr Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and CO(2) pollution in Italy
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and CO(2) pollution in Italy
title_short Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and CO(2) pollution in Italy
title_sort sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and co(2) pollution in italy
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10026203/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36940029
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26463-x
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