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Unraveling cross-reactivity of anti-glycan IgG responses in filarial nematode infections
Parasitic nematodes responsible for filarial diseases cause chronic disablement in humans worldwide. Elimination programs have substantially reduced the rate of infection in certain areas, but limitations of current diagnostics for population surveillance have been pointed out and improved assays ar...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10026598/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36949937 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102344 |
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author | Petralia, Laudine M. C. van Diepen, Angela Nguyen, Dieu-Linh Lokker, Lena A. Sartono, Erliyani Bennuru, Sasisekhar Nutman, Thomas B. Pfarr, Kenneth Hoerauf, Achim Wanji, Samuel Foster, Jeremy M. Hokke, Cornelis H. |
author_facet | Petralia, Laudine M. C. van Diepen, Angela Nguyen, Dieu-Linh Lokker, Lena A. Sartono, Erliyani Bennuru, Sasisekhar Nutman, Thomas B. Pfarr, Kenneth Hoerauf, Achim Wanji, Samuel Foster, Jeremy M. Hokke, Cornelis H. |
author_sort | Petralia, Laudine M. C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Parasitic nematodes responsible for filarial diseases cause chronic disablement in humans worldwide. Elimination programs have substantially reduced the rate of infection in certain areas, but limitations of current diagnostics for population surveillance have been pointed out and improved assays are needed to reach the elimination targets. While serological tests detecting antibodies to parasite antigens are convenient tools, those currently available are compromised by the occurrence of antibodies cross-reactive between nematodes, as well as by the presence of residual antibodies in sera years after treatment and clearance of the infection. We recently characterized the N-linked and glycosphingolipid derived glycans of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi and revealed the presence of various antigenic structures that triggered immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in infected individuals. To address the specificity of IgG binding to these glycan antigens, we screened microarrays containing Brugia malayi glycans with plasma from uninfected individuals and from individuals infected with Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella perstans and Wuchereria bancrofti, four closely related filarial nematodes. IgG to a restricted subset of cross-reactive glycans was observed in infection plasmas from all four species. In plasma from Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans infected individuals, IgG binding to many more glycans was additionally detected, resulting in total IgG responses similar to the ones of Brugia malayi infected individuals. For these infection groups, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans, we further studied the different IgG subclasses to Brugia malayi glycans. In all three infections, IgG1 and IgG2 appeared to be the major subclasses involved in response to glycan antigens. Interestingly, in Brugia malayi infected individuals, we observed a marked reduction in particular in IgG2 to parasite glycans post-treatment with anthelminthic, suggesting a promising potential for diagnostic applications. Thus, we compared the IgG response to a broad repertoire of Brugia malayi glycans in individuals infected with various filarial nematodes. We identified broadly cross-reactive and more specific glycan targets, extending the currently scarce knowledge of filarial nematode glycosylation and host anti-glycan antibody response. We believe that our initial findings could be further exploited to develop disease-specific diagnostics as part of an integrated approach for filarial disease control. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10026598 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100265982023-03-21 Unraveling cross-reactivity of anti-glycan IgG responses in filarial nematode infections Petralia, Laudine M. C. van Diepen, Angela Nguyen, Dieu-Linh Lokker, Lena A. Sartono, Erliyani Bennuru, Sasisekhar Nutman, Thomas B. Pfarr, Kenneth Hoerauf, Achim Wanji, Samuel Foster, Jeremy M. Hokke, Cornelis H. Front Immunol Immunology Parasitic nematodes responsible for filarial diseases cause chronic disablement in humans worldwide. Elimination programs have substantially reduced the rate of infection in certain areas, but limitations of current diagnostics for population surveillance have been pointed out and improved assays are needed to reach the elimination targets. While serological tests detecting antibodies to parasite antigens are convenient tools, those currently available are compromised by the occurrence of antibodies cross-reactive between nematodes, as well as by the presence of residual antibodies in sera years after treatment and clearance of the infection. We recently characterized the N-linked and glycosphingolipid derived glycans of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi and revealed the presence of various antigenic structures that triggered immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in infected individuals. To address the specificity of IgG binding to these glycan antigens, we screened microarrays containing Brugia malayi glycans with plasma from uninfected individuals and from individuals infected with Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella perstans and Wuchereria bancrofti, four closely related filarial nematodes. IgG to a restricted subset of cross-reactive glycans was observed in infection plasmas from all four species. In plasma from Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans infected individuals, IgG binding to many more glycans was additionally detected, resulting in total IgG responses similar to the ones of Brugia malayi infected individuals. For these infection groups, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans, we further studied the different IgG subclasses to Brugia malayi glycans. In all three infections, IgG1 and IgG2 appeared to be the major subclasses involved in response to glycan antigens. Interestingly, in Brugia malayi infected individuals, we observed a marked reduction in particular in IgG2 to parasite glycans post-treatment with anthelminthic, suggesting a promising potential for diagnostic applications. Thus, we compared the IgG response to a broad repertoire of Brugia malayi glycans in individuals infected with various filarial nematodes. We identified broadly cross-reactive and more specific glycan targets, extending the currently scarce knowledge of filarial nematode glycosylation and host anti-glycan antibody response. We believe that our initial findings could be further exploited to develop disease-specific diagnostics as part of an integrated approach for filarial disease control. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10026598/ /pubmed/36949937 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102344 Text en Copyright © 2023 Petralia, van Diepen, Nguyen, Lokker, Sartono, Bennuru, Nutman, Pfarr, Hoerauf, Wanji, Foster and Hokke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Petralia, Laudine M. C. van Diepen, Angela Nguyen, Dieu-Linh Lokker, Lena A. Sartono, Erliyani Bennuru, Sasisekhar Nutman, Thomas B. Pfarr, Kenneth Hoerauf, Achim Wanji, Samuel Foster, Jeremy M. Hokke, Cornelis H. Unraveling cross-reactivity of anti-glycan IgG responses in filarial nematode infections |
title | Unraveling cross-reactivity of anti-glycan IgG responses in filarial nematode infections |
title_full | Unraveling cross-reactivity of anti-glycan IgG responses in filarial nematode infections |
title_fullStr | Unraveling cross-reactivity of anti-glycan IgG responses in filarial nematode infections |
title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling cross-reactivity of anti-glycan IgG responses in filarial nematode infections |
title_short | Unraveling cross-reactivity of anti-glycan IgG responses in filarial nematode infections |
title_sort | unraveling cross-reactivity of anti-glycan igg responses in filarial nematode infections |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10026598/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36949937 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102344 |
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