Ethnicity Disparities in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates of Hypertension in China

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies reported that there were disparities in hypertension management among different ethnic groups, and this study aimed to systematically determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in multiple Chinese ethnic groups. METHODS: We searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles up to 25 October, 2022. The pooled prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The heterogeneity of estimates among studies was assessed by the Cochran Q test and I(2) statistic. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors influencing the heterogeneity of the pooled prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension. RESULTS: In total, 45 publications including 193,788 cases and 587,826 subjects were eligible for the analyses. The lowest prevalence was found in the Han group (27.0%), and the highest prevalence was in the Mongolian population (39.8%). The awareness rates ranged from 24.4% to 58.0% in the four ethnic groups. Both the highest treatment and control rates were found in the Mongolian population (50.6% and 16.0%, respectively), whereas the Yi group had the lowest control rate (8.0%). In addition, the study year, the mean age of subjects, mean body mass index of subjects, tobacco use (%), alcohol use (%), residence (urban%), and education (primary school%) had varied effects on heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the disparities in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in a different ethnic population of China, which could provide suggestions for making targeted prevention measures.