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Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
Along with differences in life histories, metazoans have also evolved vast differences in cellularity, involving changes in the molecular pathways controlling the cell cycle. The extent to which the signalling network systemically determines cellular composition throughout the body and whether tissu...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10031402/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36946132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2022.0611 |
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author | Szlachcic, Ewa Labecka, Anna Maria Privalova, Valeriya Sikorska, Anna Czarnoleski, Marcin |
author_facet | Szlachcic, Ewa Labecka, Anna Maria Privalova, Valeriya Sikorska, Anna Czarnoleski, Marcin |
author_sort | Szlachcic, Ewa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Along with differences in life histories, metazoans have also evolved vast differences in cellularity, involving changes in the molecular pathways controlling the cell cycle. The extent to which the signalling network systemically determines cellular composition throughout the body and whether tissue cellularity is organized locally to match tissue-specific functions are unclear. We cultured genetic lines of Drosophila melanogaster on food with and without rapamycin to manipulate the activity of target of rapamycin (TOR)/insulin pathways and evaluate cell-size changes in five types of adult cells: wing and leg epidermal cells, ommatidial cells, indirect flight muscle cells and Malpighian tubule epithelial cells. Rapamycin blocks TOR multiprotein complex 1, reducing cell growth, but this effect has been studied in single cell types. As adults, rapamycin-treated flies had smaller bodies and consistently smaller cells in all tissues. Regardless, females eclosed with larger bodies and larger cells in all tissues than males. Thus, differences in TOR activity and sex were associated with the orchestration of cell size throughout the body, leading to differences in body size. We postulate that the activity of TOR/insulin pathways and their effects on cellularity should be considered when investigating the origin of ecological and evolutionary patterns in life histories. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10031402 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100314022023-03-23 Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster Szlachcic, Ewa Labecka, Anna Maria Privalova, Valeriya Sikorska, Anna Czarnoleski, Marcin Biol Lett Evolutionary Developmental Biology Along with differences in life histories, metazoans have also evolved vast differences in cellularity, involving changes in the molecular pathways controlling the cell cycle. The extent to which the signalling network systemically determines cellular composition throughout the body and whether tissue cellularity is organized locally to match tissue-specific functions are unclear. We cultured genetic lines of Drosophila melanogaster on food with and without rapamycin to manipulate the activity of target of rapamycin (TOR)/insulin pathways and evaluate cell-size changes in five types of adult cells: wing and leg epidermal cells, ommatidial cells, indirect flight muscle cells and Malpighian tubule epithelial cells. Rapamycin blocks TOR multiprotein complex 1, reducing cell growth, but this effect has been studied in single cell types. As adults, rapamycin-treated flies had smaller bodies and consistently smaller cells in all tissues. Regardless, females eclosed with larger bodies and larger cells in all tissues than males. Thus, differences in TOR activity and sex were associated with the orchestration of cell size throughout the body, leading to differences in body size. We postulate that the activity of TOR/insulin pathways and their effects on cellularity should be considered when investigating the origin of ecological and evolutionary patterns in life histories. The Royal Society 2023-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10031402/ /pubmed/36946132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2022.0611 Text en © 2023 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Evolutionary Developmental Biology Szlachcic, Ewa Labecka, Anna Maria Privalova, Valeriya Sikorska, Anna Czarnoleski, Marcin Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster |
title | Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster |
title_full | Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster |
title_fullStr | Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster |
title_full_unstemmed | Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster |
title_short | Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster |
title_sort | systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in drosophila melanogaster |
topic | Evolutionary Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10031402/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36946132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2022.0611 |
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