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Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster

Along with differences in life histories, metazoans have also evolved vast differences in cellularity, involving changes in the molecular pathways controlling the cell cycle. The extent to which the signalling network systemically determines cellular composition throughout the body and whether tissu...

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Autores principales: Szlachcic, Ewa, Labecka, Anna Maria, Privalova, Valeriya, Sikorska, Anna, Czarnoleski, Marcin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10031402/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36946132
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2022.0611
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author Szlachcic, Ewa
Labecka, Anna Maria
Privalova, Valeriya
Sikorska, Anna
Czarnoleski, Marcin
author_facet Szlachcic, Ewa
Labecka, Anna Maria
Privalova, Valeriya
Sikorska, Anna
Czarnoleski, Marcin
author_sort Szlachcic, Ewa
collection PubMed
description Along with differences in life histories, metazoans have also evolved vast differences in cellularity, involving changes in the molecular pathways controlling the cell cycle. The extent to which the signalling network systemically determines cellular composition throughout the body and whether tissue cellularity is organized locally to match tissue-specific functions are unclear. We cultured genetic lines of Drosophila melanogaster on food with and without rapamycin to manipulate the activity of target of rapamycin (TOR)/insulin pathways and evaluate cell-size changes in five types of adult cells: wing and leg epidermal cells, ommatidial cells, indirect flight muscle cells and Malpighian tubule epithelial cells. Rapamycin blocks TOR multiprotein complex 1, reducing cell growth, but this effect has been studied in single cell types. As adults, rapamycin-treated flies had smaller bodies and consistently smaller cells in all tissues. Regardless, females eclosed with larger bodies and larger cells in all tissues than males. Thus, differences in TOR activity and sex were associated with the orchestration of cell size throughout the body, leading to differences in body size. We postulate that the activity of TOR/insulin pathways and their effects on cellularity should be considered when investigating the origin of ecological and evolutionary patterns in life histories.
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spelling pubmed-100314022023-03-23 Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster Szlachcic, Ewa Labecka, Anna Maria Privalova, Valeriya Sikorska, Anna Czarnoleski, Marcin Biol Lett Evolutionary Developmental Biology Along with differences in life histories, metazoans have also evolved vast differences in cellularity, involving changes in the molecular pathways controlling the cell cycle. The extent to which the signalling network systemically determines cellular composition throughout the body and whether tissue cellularity is organized locally to match tissue-specific functions are unclear. We cultured genetic lines of Drosophila melanogaster on food with and without rapamycin to manipulate the activity of target of rapamycin (TOR)/insulin pathways and evaluate cell-size changes in five types of adult cells: wing and leg epidermal cells, ommatidial cells, indirect flight muscle cells and Malpighian tubule epithelial cells. Rapamycin blocks TOR multiprotein complex 1, reducing cell growth, but this effect has been studied in single cell types. As adults, rapamycin-treated flies had smaller bodies and consistently smaller cells in all tissues. Regardless, females eclosed with larger bodies and larger cells in all tissues than males. Thus, differences in TOR activity and sex were associated with the orchestration of cell size throughout the body, leading to differences in body size. We postulate that the activity of TOR/insulin pathways and their effects on cellularity should be considered when investigating the origin of ecological and evolutionary patterns in life histories. The Royal Society 2023-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10031402/ /pubmed/36946132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2022.0611 Text en © 2023 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Evolutionary Developmental Biology
Szlachcic, Ewa
Labecka, Anna Maria
Privalova, Valeriya
Sikorska, Anna
Czarnoleski, Marcin
Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
title Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
title_full Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
title_fullStr Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
title_full_unstemmed Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
title_short Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
title_sort systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in drosophila melanogaster
topic Evolutionary Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10031402/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36946132
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2022.0611
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