Cargando…

The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults

INTRODUCTION: To help offset the increased price of cigarettes and promote brand loyalty, tobacco companies distribute coupons, particularly to price-sensitive consumers. Few studies, however, have examined the longitudinal association between coupon receipt and smoking cessation. AIMS AND METHODS:...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Oh, Hayoung, Cook, Steven, Siegel, Leeann, Liber, Alex, Levy, David T, Fleischer, Nancy L
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10032181/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36378499
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntac258
_version_ 1784910743872733184
author Oh, Hayoung
Cook, Steven
Siegel, Leeann
Liber, Alex
Levy, David T
Fleischer, Nancy L
author_facet Oh, Hayoung
Cook, Steven
Siegel, Leeann
Liber, Alex
Levy, David T
Fleischer, Nancy L
author_sort Oh, Hayoung
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: To help offset the increased price of cigarettes and promote brand loyalty, tobacco companies distribute coupons, particularly to price-sensitive consumers. Few studies, however, have examined the longitudinal association between coupon receipt and smoking cessation. AIMS AND METHODS: Using adult data from waves 1–5 (2013–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, we examined the longitudinal association between coupon receipt and short-term smoking cessation. Multivariable discrete-time survival models were fit to an unbalanced person-period dataset for adult respondents (≥18 years) with current established smoking status at baseline (person n = 9472, risk period n = 29 784). Short-term smoking cessation was measured as discontinued cigarette use (no past 30-day cigarette use at follow-up) and self-reported complete quitting. Coupon receipt was measured as a time-varying exposure, measured in the wave preceding the outcome. Tobacco dependence and time-varying cigarette use intensity were controlled as potential confounders. Effect modification by age, sex, race-ethnicity, and education was assessed by examining interaction terms. RESULTS: We found that adults who received a coupon were 19% less likely to quit smoking compared to adults who did not receive a coupon, adjusting for covariates (adjusted hazard rate [aHR]: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74–0.89). None of the interaction terms were statistically significant, suggesting that the association between coupon receipt and short-term smoking cessation may not differ across the sociodemographic groups that we examined. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results reveal that coupon receipt reduces the likelihood of short-term smoking cessation, and that this association does not differ by age, sex, race-ethnicity, or education. IMPLICATIONS (97/100): Tobacco companies distribute coupons for tobacco products to price-sensitive customers in the United States, and these coupons can be particularly effective in partly offsetting the impact of a tax increases and promoting brand loyalty. This study provides longitudinal evidence that coupon receipt is associated with a decrease in short-term smoking cessation among US adults who smoke cigarettes after adjusting for covariates and tobacco-related confounders. The findings from this study suggest that coupons are an effective tool for tobacco companies to prevent adults who smoke from quitting, and a national ban on coupons may help to facilitate smoking cessation.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10032181
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Oxford University Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-100321812023-03-23 The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults Oh, Hayoung Cook, Steven Siegel, Leeann Liber, Alex Levy, David T Fleischer, Nancy L Nicotine Tob Res Original Investigations INTRODUCTION: To help offset the increased price of cigarettes and promote brand loyalty, tobacco companies distribute coupons, particularly to price-sensitive consumers. Few studies, however, have examined the longitudinal association between coupon receipt and smoking cessation. AIMS AND METHODS: Using adult data from waves 1–5 (2013–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, we examined the longitudinal association between coupon receipt and short-term smoking cessation. Multivariable discrete-time survival models were fit to an unbalanced person-period dataset for adult respondents (≥18 years) with current established smoking status at baseline (person n = 9472, risk period n = 29 784). Short-term smoking cessation was measured as discontinued cigarette use (no past 30-day cigarette use at follow-up) and self-reported complete quitting. Coupon receipt was measured as a time-varying exposure, measured in the wave preceding the outcome. Tobacco dependence and time-varying cigarette use intensity were controlled as potential confounders. Effect modification by age, sex, race-ethnicity, and education was assessed by examining interaction terms. RESULTS: We found that adults who received a coupon were 19% less likely to quit smoking compared to adults who did not receive a coupon, adjusting for covariates (adjusted hazard rate [aHR]: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74–0.89). None of the interaction terms were statistically significant, suggesting that the association between coupon receipt and short-term smoking cessation may not differ across the sociodemographic groups that we examined. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results reveal that coupon receipt reduces the likelihood of short-term smoking cessation, and that this association does not differ by age, sex, race-ethnicity, or education. IMPLICATIONS (97/100): Tobacco companies distribute coupons for tobacco products to price-sensitive customers in the United States, and these coupons can be particularly effective in partly offsetting the impact of a tax increases and promoting brand loyalty. This study provides longitudinal evidence that coupon receipt is associated with a decrease in short-term smoking cessation among US adults who smoke cigarettes after adjusting for covariates and tobacco-related confounders. The findings from this study suggest that coupons are an effective tool for tobacco companies to prevent adults who smoke from quitting, and a national ban on coupons may help to facilitate smoking cessation. Oxford University Press 2022-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10032181/ /pubmed/36378499 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntac258 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Original Investigations
Oh, Hayoung
Cook, Steven
Siegel, Leeann
Liber, Alex
Levy, David T
Fleischer, Nancy L
The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults
title The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults
title_full The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults
title_fullStr The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults
title_full_unstemmed The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults
title_short The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults
title_sort longitudinal association between cigarette coupon receipt and short-term smoking cessation among us adults
topic Original Investigations
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10032181/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36378499
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntac258
work_keys_str_mv AT ohhayoung thelongitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT cooksteven thelongitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT siegelleeann thelongitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT liberalex thelongitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT levydavidt thelongitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT fleischernancyl thelongitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT ohhayoung longitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT cooksteven longitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT siegelleeann longitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT liberalex longitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT levydavidt longitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults
AT fleischernancyl longitudinalassociationbetweencigarettecouponreceiptandshorttermsmokingcessationamongusadults