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Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair

Tendons are associated with a high injury risk because of their overuse and age-related tissue degeneration. Thus, tendon injuries pose great clinical and economic challenges to the society. Unfortunately, the natural healing capacity of tendons is far from perfect, and they respond poorly to conven...

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Autores principales: Yuan, Ziyang, Yu, Haomiao, Long, Huibin, Dai, Yike, Shi, Lin, Zhao, Jiaming, Guo, Ai, Diao, Naicheng, Ma, Lifeng, Yin, Heyong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10033217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36970597
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3656498
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author Yuan, Ziyang
Yu, Haomiao
Long, Huibin
Dai, Yike
Shi, Lin
Zhao, Jiaming
Guo, Ai
Diao, Naicheng
Ma, Lifeng
Yin, Heyong
author_facet Yuan, Ziyang
Yu, Haomiao
Long, Huibin
Dai, Yike
Shi, Lin
Zhao, Jiaming
Guo, Ai
Diao, Naicheng
Ma, Lifeng
Yin, Heyong
author_sort Yuan, Ziyang
collection PubMed
description Tendons are associated with a high injury risk because of their overuse and age-related tissue degeneration. Thus, tendon injuries pose great clinical and economic challenges to the society. Unfortunately, the natural healing capacity of tendons is far from perfect, and they respond poorly to conventional treatments when injured. Consequently, tendons require a long period of healing and recovery, and the initial strength and function of a repaired tendon cannot be completely restored as it is prone to a high rate of rerupture. Nowadays, the application of various stem cell sources, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), for tendon repair has shown great potential, because these cells can differentiate into a tendon lineage and promote functional tendon repair. However, the mechanism underlying tenogenic differentiation remains unclear. Moreover, no widely adopted protocol has been established for effective and reproducible tenogenic differentiation because of the lack of definitive biomarkers for identifying the tendon differentiation cascades. This work is aimed at reviewing the literature over the past decade and providing an overview of background information on the clinical relevance of tendons and the urgent need to improve tendon repair; the advantages and disadvantages of different stem cell types used for boosting tendon repair; and the unique advantages of reported strategies for tenogenic differentiation, including growth factors, gene modification, biomaterials, and mechanical stimulation.
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spelling pubmed-100332172023-03-23 Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair Yuan, Ziyang Yu, Haomiao Long, Huibin Dai, Yike Shi, Lin Zhao, Jiaming Guo, Ai Diao, Naicheng Ma, Lifeng Yin, Heyong Stem Cells Int Review Article Tendons are associated with a high injury risk because of their overuse and age-related tissue degeneration. Thus, tendon injuries pose great clinical and economic challenges to the society. Unfortunately, the natural healing capacity of tendons is far from perfect, and they respond poorly to conventional treatments when injured. Consequently, tendons require a long period of healing and recovery, and the initial strength and function of a repaired tendon cannot be completely restored as it is prone to a high rate of rerupture. Nowadays, the application of various stem cell sources, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), for tendon repair has shown great potential, because these cells can differentiate into a tendon lineage and promote functional tendon repair. However, the mechanism underlying tenogenic differentiation remains unclear. Moreover, no widely adopted protocol has been established for effective and reproducible tenogenic differentiation because of the lack of definitive biomarkers for identifying the tendon differentiation cascades. This work is aimed at reviewing the literature over the past decade and providing an overview of background information on the clinical relevance of tendons and the urgent need to improve tendon repair; the advantages and disadvantages of different stem cell types used for boosting tendon repair; and the unique advantages of reported strategies for tenogenic differentiation, including growth factors, gene modification, biomaterials, and mechanical stimulation. Hindawi 2023-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10033217/ /pubmed/36970597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3656498 Text en Copyright © 2023 Ziyang Yuan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Yuan, Ziyang
Yu, Haomiao
Long, Huibin
Dai, Yike
Shi, Lin
Zhao, Jiaming
Guo, Ai
Diao, Naicheng
Ma, Lifeng
Yin, Heyong
Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair
title Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair
title_full Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair
title_fullStr Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair
title_full_unstemmed Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair
title_short Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair
title_sort stem cell applications and tenogenic differentiation strategies for tendon repair
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10033217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36970597
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3656498
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