Modified Palomo Procedure Is an Effective Intervention for Improving Serum Testosterone Levels and Semen Parameters in Patients With Varicocele: A Prospective Study

Background: A varicocele can be defined as an abnormal venous dilatation and/or tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus. It is generally reported that varicoceles are present in 15% of the general male population and 35% of men as a cause of primary infertility and in up to 80% of men as a cause of secondary infertility. Differences in venous drainage anatomy between the left and right internal spermatic veins, venous valve incompetence resulting in venous blood reflux, and increased hydrostatic pressure are the most commonly cited theories. Various surgical and non-surgical techniques are in use for treating patients with varicocele. Here we used a modified Palamo procedure to treat the patients and observed the outcome. Methodology: A total of 40 patients with varicocele were recruited for the study. A preoperative evaluation, along with serum testosterone levels and semen analysis, was done. A modified Palomo technique was used to treat varicocele. A postoperative follow-up with serum testosterone levels and semen analysis was done to observe improvement. Results: The mean (±SD) left testis size, right testis size, testosterone, sperm concentration, sperm vitality and sperm progressive motility were found statistically significantly higher in patients after surgery as compared to patients before surgery (p<0.05). However, there was statistically insignificant mean difference in semen volume between patients before surgery and patients after surgery (p>0.05). Conclusion: Modified Palomo procedure can be used to treat varicocele with good improvement in serum testosterone levels and semen parameters.