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The RESISTANT study (Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
BACKGROUND: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is characterized by progressive and predominantly proximal and axial muscle atrophy and weakness. Respiratory muscle weakness results in impaired cough with recurrent respiratory tract infections, nocturnal hypoventilation, and may ultimately lead to fatal r...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10035150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36959618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03136-3 |
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author | Kant-Smits, Kim Bartels, Bart Asselman, Fay-Lynn Veldhoen, Esther S. van Eijk, Ruben P. A. van der Pol, W. Ludo Hulzebos, Erik H. J. |
author_facet | Kant-Smits, Kim Bartels, Bart Asselman, Fay-Lynn Veldhoen, Esther S. van Eijk, Ruben P. A. van der Pol, W. Ludo Hulzebos, Erik H. J. |
author_sort | Kant-Smits, Kim |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is characterized by progressive and predominantly proximal and axial muscle atrophy and weakness. Respiratory muscle weakness results in impaired cough with recurrent respiratory tract infections, nocturnal hypoventilation, and may ultimately lead to fatal respiratory failure in the most severely affected patients. Treatment strategies to either slow down the decline or improve respiratory muscle function are wanting. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and efficacy of respiratory muscle training (RMT) in patients with SMA and respiratory muscle weakness. METHODS: The effect of RMT in patients with SMA, aged ≥ 8 years with respiratory muscle weakness (maximum inspiratory mouth pressure [PImax] ≤ 80 Centimeters of Water Column [cmH2O]), will be investigated with a single blinded randomized sham-controlled trial consisting of a 4-month training period followed by an 8-month open label extension phase. INTERVENTION: The RMT program will consist of a home-based, individualized training program involving 30-breathing cycles through an inspiratory and expiratory muscle training device. Patients will be instructed to perform 10 training sessions over 5–7 days per week. In the active training group, the inspiratory and expiratory threshold will be adjusted to perceived exertion (measured on a Borg scale). The sham-control group will initially receive RMT at the same frequency but against a constant, non-therapeutic resistance. After four months the sham-control group will undergo the same intervention as the active training group (i.e., delayed intervention). Individual adherence to the RMT protocol will be reviewed every two weeks by telephone/video call with a physiotherapist. MAIN STUDY PARAMETERS/ENDPOINTS: We hypothesize that the RMT program will be feasible (good adherence and good acceptability) and improve inspiratory muscle strength (primary outcome measure) and expiratory muscle strength (key secondary outcome measure) as well as lung function, patient reported breathing difficulties, respiratory infections, and health related quality of life (additional secondary outcome measures, respectively) in patients with SMA. DISCUSSION: RMT is expected to have positive effects on respiratory muscle strength in patients with SMA. Integrating RMT with recently introduced genetic therapies for SMA may improve respiratory muscle strength in this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered at clinicaltrial.gov: NCT05632666. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10035150 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100351502023-03-24 The RESISTANT study (Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Kant-Smits, Kim Bartels, Bart Asselman, Fay-Lynn Veldhoen, Esther S. van Eijk, Ruben P. A. van der Pol, W. Ludo Hulzebos, Erik H. J. BMC Neurol Study Protocol BACKGROUND: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is characterized by progressive and predominantly proximal and axial muscle atrophy and weakness. Respiratory muscle weakness results in impaired cough with recurrent respiratory tract infections, nocturnal hypoventilation, and may ultimately lead to fatal respiratory failure in the most severely affected patients. Treatment strategies to either slow down the decline or improve respiratory muscle function are wanting. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and efficacy of respiratory muscle training (RMT) in patients with SMA and respiratory muscle weakness. METHODS: The effect of RMT in patients with SMA, aged ≥ 8 years with respiratory muscle weakness (maximum inspiratory mouth pressure [PImax] ≤ 80 Centimeters of Water Column [cmH2O]), will be investigated with a single blinded randomized sham-controlled trial consisting of a 4-month training period followed by an 8-month open label extension phase. INTERVENTION: The RMT program will consist of a home-based, individualized training program involving 30-breathing cycles through an inspiratory and expiratory muscle training device. Patients will be instructed to perform 10 training sessions over 5–7 days per week. In the active training group, the inspiratory and expiratory threshold will be adjusted to perceived exertion (measured on a Borg scale). The sham-control group will initially receive RMT at the same frequency but against a constant, non-therapeutic resistance. After four months the sham-control group will undergo the same intervention as the active training group (i.e., delayed intervention). Individual adherence to the RMT protocol will be reviewed every two weeks by telephone/video call with a physiotherapist. MAIN STUDY PARAMETERS/ENDPOINTS: We hypothesize that the RMT program will be feasible (good adherence and good acceptability) and improve inspiratory muscle strength (primary outcome measure) and expiratory muscle strength (key secondary outcome measure) as well as lung function, patient reported breathing difficulties, respiratory infections, and health related quality of life (additional secondary outcome measures, respectively) in patients with SMA. DISCUSSION: RMT is expected to have positive effects on respiratory muscle strength in patients with SMA. Integrating RMT with recently introduced genetic therapies for SMA may improve respiratory muscle strength in this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered at clinicaltrial.gov: NCT05632666. BioMed Central 2023-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10035150/ /pubmed/36959618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03136-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Study Protocol Kant-Smits, Kim Bartels, Bart Asselman, Fay-Lynn Veldhoen, Esther S. van Eijk, Ruben P. A. van der Pol, W. Ludo Hulzebos, Erik H. J. The RESISTANT study (Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
title | The RESISTANT study (Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
title_full | The RESISTANT study (Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
title_fullStr | The RESISTANT study (Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
title_full_unstemmed | The RESISTANT study (Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
title_short | The RESISTANT study (Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
title_sort | resistant study (respiratory muscle training in patients with spinal muscular atrophy): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
topic | Study Protocol |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10035150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36959618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03136-3 |
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