A Systematic Review of Outcomes Measured Following New Wheelchair and Seating-Prescription Interventions in Adults

OBJECTIVES: To determine the outcomes and outcome-measurement tools currently used during the prescription of new wheelchairs and/or seating systems. A systematic review of studies was performed to identify outcome-measurement tools. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched from earliest available to March 2022. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they focused on a new wheelchair or seating-system prescription with adults. DATA EXTRACTION: Data extraction and quality assessments were conducted by 2 reviewers; disagreements were resolved by consensus. Risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale (for randomized controlled trials) and the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (for non-randomized studies). DATA SYNTHESIS: 48 articles were included which identified 37 standardized outcome-measurement tools. Use of study-specific outcome-measurement tools was common. Wheelchair use, user satisfaction, activity, and participation were the most studied outcome domains. Commonly used standardized assessments included the QUEST 2.0, functional independence measure, WHODAS II, IPPA, and PIADS. CONCLUSION: Outcome measures to evaluate wheelchair and seating-system prescription vary, and the use of study-specific outcome-measurement tools is high. There is a need to choose consistent outcome measures that are reliable and valid, and deal with this complex area through ensuring carefully constructed study designs.