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Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E against genitourinary pathogens

BACKGROUND: Lactobacilli are essential microbiota that maintain a healthy, balanced vaginal environment. Vaginitis is a common infection in women during their reproductive years. Many factors are associated with vaginitis; one of them is the imbalance of microbiota in the vaginal environment. This s...

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Autores principales: Bnfaga, Ameda Abdullah, Lee, Kai Wei, Than, Leslie Thian Lung, Amin-Nordin, Syafinaz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10037868/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36959635
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-023-00913-7
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author Bnfaga, Ameda Abdullah
Lee, Kai Wei
Than, Leslie Thian Lung
Amin-Nordin, Syafinaz
author_facet Bnfaga, Ameda Abdullah
Lee, Kai Wei
Than, Leslie Thian Lung
Amin-Nordin, Syafinaz
author_sort Bnfaga, Ameda Abdullah
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Lactobacilli are essential microbiota that maintain a healthy, balanced vaginal environment. Vaginitis is a common infection in women during their reproductive years. Many factors are associated with vaginitis; one of them is the imbalance of microbiota in the vaginal environment. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E (Ld45E) against several species of bacteria, namely, Group B Streptococcus (GBS), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Candida parapsilosis, as well as to determine the concentration of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the presence of Ld45E. METHODS: The probiotic characteristics of Ld45E were evaluated by examining its morphology, pH tolerance, adhesive ability onto HeLa cells, hemolytic activity, antibiotic susceptibility, and autoaggregation ability. Then, the antimicrobial activity of Ld45E was determined using Ld45E culture, cell-free supernatant, and crude bacteriocin solution. Co-aggregation and competition ability assays against various pathogens were conducted. The immunoregulatory effects of Ld45E were analyzed by measuring the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistical significance. RESULTS: Ld45E is 3–5 mm in diameter and round with a flat-shaped colony. pH 4 and 4.5 were the most favorable range for Ld45E growth within 12 h of incubation. Ld45E showed a strong adhesion ability onto HeLa cells (86%) and negative hemolytic activities. Ld45E was also sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline. We found that it had a good autoaggregation ability of 80%. Regarding antagonistic properties, Ld45E culture showed strong antimicrobial activity against GBS, E. coli, and Klebsiella spp. but only a moderate effect on C. parapsilosis. Cell-free supernatant of Ld45E exerted the most potent inhibitory effects at 40 °C against all genital pathogens, whereas bacteriocin showed a robust inhibition at 37 °C and 40 °C. The highest co-aggregation affinity was observed with GBS (81%) and E. coli (40%). Competition ability against the adhesion of GBS (80%), E. coli (76%), Klebsiella (72%), and C. parapsilosis (58%) was found. Ld45E was able to reduce the induction of the proinflammatory protein IL-17. CONCLUSIONS: Ld45E possessed antimicrobial and immunoregulatory properties, with better cell-on-cell activity than supernatant activity. Thus, Ld45E is a potential probiotic candidate for adjunct therapy to address vaginal infections.
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spelling pubmed-100378682023-03-25 Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E against genitourinary pathogens Bnfaga, Ameda Abdullah Lee, Kai Wei Than, Leslie Thian Lung Amin-Nordin, Syafinaz J Biomed Sci Research BACKGROUND: Lactobacilli are essential microbiota that maintain a healthy, balanced vaginal environment. Vaginitis is a common infection in women during their reproductive years. Many factors are associated with vaginitis; one of them is the imbalance of microbiota in the vaginal environment. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E (Ld45E) against several species of bacteria, namely, Group B Streptococcus (GBS), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Candida parapsilosis, as well as to determine the concentration of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the presence of Ld45E. METHODS: The probiotic characteristics of Ld45E were evaluated by examining its morphology, pH tolerance, adhesive ability onto HeLa cells, hemolytic activity, antibiotic susceptibility, and autoaggregation ability. Then, the antimicrobial activity of Ld45E was determined using Ld45E culture, cell-free supernatant, and crude bacteriocin solution. Co-aggregation and competition ability assays against various pathogens were conducted. The immunoregulatory effects of Ld45E were analyzed by measuring the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistical significance. RESULTS: Ld45E is 3–5 mm in diameter and round with a flat-shaped colony. pH 4 and 4.5 were the most favorable range for Ld45E growth within 12 h of incubation. Ld45E showed a strong adhesion ability onto HeLa cells (86%) and negative hemolytic activities. Ld45E was also sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline. We found that it had a good autoaggregation ability of 80%. Regarding antagonistic properties, Ld45E culture showed strong antimicrobial activity against GBS, E. coli, and Klebsiella spp. but only a moderate effect on C. parapsilosis. Cell-free supernatant of Ld45E exerted the most potent inhibitory effects at 40 °C against all genital pathogens, whereas bacteriocin showed a robust inhibition at 37 °C and 40 °C. The highest co-aggregation affinity was observed with GBS (81%) and E. coli (40%). Competition ability against the adhesion of GBS (80%), E. coli (76%), Klebsiella (72%), and C. parapsilosis (58%) was found. Ld45E was able to reduce the induction of the proinflammatory protein IL-17. CONCLUSIONS: Ld45E possessed antimicrobial and immunoregulatory properties, with better cell-on-cell activity than supernatant activity. Thus, Ld45E is a potential probiotic candidate for adjunct therapy to address vaginal infections. BioMed Central 2023-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10037868/ /pubmed/36959635 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-023-00913-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Bnfaga, Ameda Abdullah
Lee, Kai Wei
Than, Leslie Thian Lung
Amin-Nordin, Syafinaz
Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E against genitourinary pathogens
title Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E against genitourinary pathogens
title_full Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E against genitourinary pathogens
title_fullStr Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E against genitourinary pathogens
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E against genitourinary pathogens
title_short Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E against genitourinary pathogens
title_sort antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects of lactobacillus delbrueckii 45e against genitourinary pathogens
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10037868/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36959635
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-023-00913-7
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