Long-Term Prospects for Telemedicine in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment: Results from a Longitudinal Survey of OUD Clinicians

BACKGROUND: During the pandemic, there was a dramatic shift to telemedicine for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. Little is known about how clinician attitudes about telemedicine use for OUD treatment are evolving or their preferences for future use. OBJECTIVE: To understand OUD clinician views of and preferences regarding telemedicine. DESIGN: Longitudinal survey (wave 1, December 2020; wave 2, March 2022). SUBJECTS: National sample of 425 clinicians who treat OUD. MAIN MEASURES: Self-reported proportion of OUD visits delivered via telemedicine (actual vs. preferred), comfort in using video visits for OUD, impact of telemedicine on work-related well-being. KEY RESULTS: The mean reported percentage of OUD visits delivered via telemedicine (vs. in person) dropped from 56.9% in December 2020 to 41.5% in March 2022; the mean preferred post-pandemic percentage of OUD visits delivered via telemedicine was 34.8%. Responses about comfort in using video visits for different types of OUD patients remained similar over time despite clinicians having substantially more experience with telemedicine by spring 2022 (e.g., 35.8% vs. 36.0% report being comfortable using video visits for new patients). Almost three-quarters (70.9%) reported that most of their patients preferred to have the majority of their visits via telemedicine, and 76.7% agreed that the option to do video visits helped their patients remain in treatment longer. The majority (58.7%) reported that telemedicine had a positive impact on their work-related well-being, with higher rates of a positive impact among those who completed training more recently (68.5% of those with < 10 years, 62.1% with 10–19 years, and 45.8% with 20 + years, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: While many surveyed OUD clinicians were not comfortable using telemedicine for all types of patients, most wanted telemedicine to account for a substantial fraction of OUD visits, and most believed telemedicine has had positive impacts for themselves and their patients. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11606-023-08165-9.