The Feasibility of Telemedicine in the Implementation and Management of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Infants with Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in a Resource-Limited Country

Background Telemedicine is widely used in neonatal services in developed countries, though its outcomes in low- and middle-income countries are controversial. Lack of expertise and/or facilities, however, has limited its use in developing countries and around areas of military conflicts. We aim to study the implementation and management of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with the help of telemedicine in a resource-limited country. Methodology This is a retrospective study, evaluating patients who received TH, guided by telemedicine, through a mobile app (Telegram), an application that allows sharing and archiving of information with other beneficial features. We assessed the feasibility of utilizing telemedicine in guiding the application of TH to infants affected with HIE in the North-West of Syria between July 2020 and July 2021. Feasibility was measured by parameters related to the time gaps between initiation of consultation and treatment and clinical short-term outcomes. Results Out of 5,545 newborn infants delivered during the study period, 22 patients were eligible for TH guided by telemedicine. Patients were referred for consultation at a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 137 (35–165) minutes of life. A median (IQR) of 12 (3–18) minutes elapsed between the call for a consultation and the consultant response and a median (IQR) of 30 (0–42) minutes elapsed between seeking the consultation and the initiation of cooling therapy. Eighteen patients completed cooling for 72 hours. The patients' temperatures were within the target range (33–34°C) most of the time (84.1%). Conclusion Telemedicine is a feasible method to guide the implementation TH for HIE in resource-limited areas. The short-term success rate is relatively high; however, further studies with a larger population are needed to confirm these findings.