Pulmonary Mycetoma With a Concomitant Reactivation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report and Clinical Pathological Review

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other body parts. One of the possible symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is hemoptysis. In the case of TB, aspergillomas can develop in the cavitary lesions of TB and result in a deteriorating clinical situation. The current case report describes a 63-year-old female previously treated for TB who presented with hemoptysis, fever, and a 4 cm focal density in the right upper lobe on chest X-ray. The patient was found to have concomitant TB and aspergillosis, manifesting as a pulmonary aspergilloma. The co-occurrence of TB and aspergillosis can occur, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems. This case report highlights the importance of considering concomitant TB and pulmonary mycetoma in patients with a history of treated TB who present with pulmonary symptoms.