Isolation and Characterization of Anti-Mycobacterial Natural Products from a Petrosia sp. Marine Sponge

[Image: see text] Tuberculosis (TB) is a dreadful infectious disease and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, second in 2020 only to severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-Cov-2). With limited therapeutic options available and a rise in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases, it is critical to develop antibiotic drugs that display novel mechanisms of action. Bioactivity-guided fractionation employing an Alamar blue assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv led to the isolation of duryne (13) from a marine sponge Petrosia sp. sampled in the Solomon Islands. Additionally, five new strongylophorine meroditerpene analogues (1–5) along with six known strongylophorines (6–12) were isolated from the bioactive fraction and characterized using MS and NMR spectroscopy, although only 13 exhibited antitubercular activity.