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Tamarindus indica Extract as a Promising Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Therapy
The worldwide crises from multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are pushing us to search for new alternative therapies. The renewed interest in medicinal plants has gained the attention of our research group. Tamarindus indica L. (T. indica) is one of the traditional medicines used for a w...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10044421/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36978330 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030464 |
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author | Ghaly, Mohamed F. Albalawi, Marzough Aziz Bendary, Mahmoud M. Shahin, Ahmed Shaheen, Mohamed A. Abu Eleneen, Abeer F. Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Elmaaty, Ayman Abo Elrefai, Mohamed F. M. Zaitone, Sawsan A. Abousaty, Amira I. |
author_facet | Ghaly, Mohamed F. Albalawi, Marzough Aziz Bendary, Mahmoud M. Shahin, Ahmed Shaheen, Mohamed A. Abu Eleneen, Abeer F. Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Elmaaty, Ayman Abo Elrefai, Mohamed F. M. Zaitone, Sawsan A. Abousaty, Amira I. |
author_sort | Ghaly, Mohamed F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The worldwide crises from multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are pushing us to search for new alternative therapies. The renewed interest in medicinal plants has gained the attention of our research group. Tamarindus indica L. (T. indica) is one of the traditional medicines used for a wide range of diseases. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of T. indica. The inhibitions zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and fractional inhibitor concentration indices (FICI) against Gram+ve and −ve pathogens were detected. The bioactive compounds from T. indica extract were identified by mass spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and bio-autographic assay. We performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular docking studies to confirm possible mechanisms of actions and antivirulence activities, respectively. We found more promising antimicrobial activities against MDR pathogens with MIC and MBC values for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), i.e., (0.78, 3.12 mg/mL) and (1.56, 3.12 mg/mL), respectively. The antimicrobial activities of this extract were attributed to its capability to impair cell membrane permeability, inducing bacterial cell lysis, which was confirmed by the morphological changes observed under SEM. The synergistic interactions between this extract and commonly used antibiotics were confirmed (FICI values < 0.5). The bioactive compounds of this extract were bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and bis(8-methylnonyl) ester. Additionally, this extract showed antivirulence activities, especially against the S. aureus protease and P. aeruginosa elastase. In conclusion, we hope that pharmaceutical companies can utilize our findings to produce a new formulation of T. indica ethanolic extract with other antibiotics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10044421 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100444212023-03-29 Tamarindus indica Extract as a Promising Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Therapy Ghaly, Mohamed F. Albalawi, Marzough Aziz Bendary, Mahmoud M. Shahin, Ahmed Shaheen, Mohamed A. Abu Eleneen, Abeer F. Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Elmaaty, Ayman Abo Elrefai, Mohamed F. M. Zaitone, Sawsan A. Abousaty, Amira I. Antibiotics (Basel) Article The worldwide crises from multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are pushing us to search for new alternative therapies. The renewed interest in medicinal plants has gained the attention of our research group. Tamarindus indica L. (T. indica) is one of the traditional medicines used for a wide range of diseases. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of T. indica. The inhibitions zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and fractional inhibitor concentration indices (FICI) against Gram+ve and −ve pathogens were detected. The bioactive compounds from T. indica extract were identified by mass spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and bio-autographic assay. We performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular docking studies to confirm possible mechanisms of actions and antivirulence activities, respectively. We found more promising antimicrobial activities against MDR pathogens with MIC and MBC values for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), i.e., (0.78, 3.12 mg/mL) and (1.56, 3.12 mg/mL), respectively. The antimicrobial activities of this extract were attributed to its capability to impair cell membrane permeability, inducing bacterial cell lysis, which was confirmed by the morphological changes observed under SEM. The synergistic interactions between this extract and commonly used antibiotics were confirmed (FICI values < 0.5). The bioactive compounds of this extract were bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and bis(8-methylnonyl) ester. Additionally, this extract showed antivirulence activities, especially against the S. aureus protease and P. aeruginosa elastase. In conclusion, we hope that pharmaceutical companies can utilize our findings to produce a new formulation of T. indica ethanolic extract with other antibiotics. MDPI 2023-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10044421/ /pubmed/36978330 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030464 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ghaly, Mohamed F. Albalawi, Marzough Aziz Bendary, Mahmoud M. Shahin, Ahmed Shaheen, Mohamed A. Abu Eleneen, Abeer F. Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Elmaaty, Ayman Abo Elrefai, Mohamed F. M. Zaitone, Sawsan A. Abousaty, Amira I. Tamarindus indica Extract as a Promising Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Therapy |
title | Tamarindus indica Extract as a Promising Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Therapy |
title_full | Tamarindus indica Extract as a Promising Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Therapy |
title_fullStr | Tamarindus indica Extract as a Promising Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Tamarindus indica Extract as a Promising Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Therapy |
title_short | Tamarindus indica Extract as a Promising Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Therapy |
title_sort | tamarindus indica extract as a promising antimicrobial and antivirulence therapy |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10044421/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36978330 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030464 |
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