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Evolutionary and Genomic Diversity of True Polyploidy in Tetrapods
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Polyploidization, or whole-genome duplication (WGD), represents a dramatic event in evolution. Although its occurrence is much rarer in animals than in plants, distinct WGDs characterize the stem lineages of vertebrates and teleosts. In tetrapods, true polyploids have been described...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10044425/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36978574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13061033 |
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author | Mezzasalma, Marcello Brunelli, Elvira Odierna, Gaetano Guarino, Fabio Maria |
author_facet | Mezzasalma, Marcello Brunelli, Elvira Odierna, Gaetano Guarino, Fabio Maria |
author_sort | Mezzasalma, Marcello |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Polyploidization, or whole-genome duplication (WGD), represents a dramatic event in evolution. Although its occurrence is much rarer in animals than in plants, distinct WGDs characterize the stem lineages of vertebrates and teleosts. In tetrapods, true polyploids have been described in all major groups and include a wide range of genomic configurations and modes of reproduction. In this work, we provide a comprehensive report on the presence of different types of polyploidy in tetrapods, with a particular focus on its genomic, evolutionary, and ecological diversity. We also describe the main routes of the formation of neopolyploids and discuss the two competing hypotheses that consider polyploidy either as a major force in evolution or, mainly, as an evolutionary dead end. ABSTRACT: True polyploid organisms have more than two chromosome sets in their somatic and germline cells. Polyploidy is a major evolutionary force and has played a significant role in the early genomic evolution of plants, different invertebrate taxa, chordates, and teleosts. However, the contribution of polyploidy to the generation of new genomic, ecological, and species diversity in tetrapods has traditionally been underestimated. Indeed, polyploidy represents an important pathway of genomic evolution, occurring in most higher-taxa tetrapods and displaying a variety of different forms, genomic configurations, and biological implications. Herein, we report and discuss the available information on the different origins and evolutionary and ecological significance of true polyploidy in tetrapods. Among the main tetrapod lineages, modern amphibians have an unparalleled diversity of polyploids and, until recently, they were considered to be the only vertebrates with closely related diploid and polyploid bisexual species or populations. In reptiles, polyploidy was thought to be restricted to squamates and associated with parthenogenesis. In birds and mammals, true polyploidy has generally been considered absent (non-tolerated). These views are being changed due to an accumulation of new data, and the impact as well as the different evolutionary and ecological implications of polyploidy in tetrapods, deserve a broader evaluation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10044425 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100444252023-03-29 Evolutionary and Genomic Diversity of True Polyploidy in Tetrapods Mezzasalma, Marcello Brunelli, Elvira Odierna, Gaetano Guarino, Fabio Maria Animals (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Polyploidization, or whole-genome duplication (WGD), represents a dramatic event in evolution. Although its occurrence is much rarer in animals than in plants, distinct WGDs characterize the stem lineages of vertebrates and teleosts. In tetrapods, true polyploids have been described in all major groups and include a wide range of genomic configurations and modes of reproduction. In this work, we provide a comprehensive report on the presence of different types of polyploidy in tetrapods, with a particular focus on its genomic, evolutionary, and ecological diversity. We also describe the main routes of the formation of neopolyploids and discuss the two competing hypotheses that consider polyploidy either as a major force in evolution or, mainly, as an evolutionary dead end. ABSTRACT: True polyploid organisms have more than two chromosome sets in their somatic and germline cells. Polyploidy is a major evolutionary force and has played a significant role in the early genomic evolution of plants, different invertebrate taxa, chordates, and teleosts. However, the contribution of polyploidy to the generation of new genomic, ecological, and species diversity in tetrapods has traditionally been underestimated. Indeed, polyploidy represents an important pathway of genomic evolution, occurring in most higher-taxa tetrapods and displaying a variety of different forms, genomic configurations, and biological implications. Herein, we report and discuss the available information on the different origins and evolutionary and ecological significance of true polyploidy in tetrapods. Among the main tetrapod lineages, modern amphibians have an unparalleled diversity of polyploids and, until recently, they were considered to be the only vertebrates with closely related diploid and polyploid bisexual species or populations. In reptiles, polyploidy was thought to be restricted to squamates and associated with parthenogenesis. In birds and mammals, true polyploidy has generally been considered absent (non-tolerated). These views are being changed due to an accumulation of new data, and the impact as well as the different evolutionary and ecological implications of polyploidy in tetrapods, deserve a broader evaluation. MDPI 2023-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10044425/ /pubmed/36978574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13061033 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mezzasalma, Marcello Brunelli, Elvira Odierna, Gaetano Guarino, Fabio Maria Evolutionary and Genomic Diversity of True Polyploidy in Tetrapods |
title | Evolutionary and Genomic Diversity of True Polyploidy in Tetrapods |
title_full | Evolutionary and Genomic Diversity of True Polyploidy in Tetrapods |
title_fullStr | Evolutionary and Genomic Diversity of True Polyploidy in Tetrapods |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary and Genomic Diversity of True Polyploidy in Tetrapods |
title_short | Evolutionary and Genomic Diversity of True Polyploidy in Tetrapods |
title_sort | evolutionary and genomic diversity of true polyploidy in tetrapods |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10044425/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36978574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13061033 |
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